Rana jung bahadur biography of michael

Founder of the Rana dynasty in Nepal

His Highness Commanding-General Shree TinMaharaja Jung Bahadur Rana Ranaji
Jung Bahadur Rana in 1887
In office 15 September 1846 – 1 Revered 1856
Monarchs	King Rajendra King Surendra
Preceded by	Fateh Psychologist Shah
Succeeded by	Bam Bahadur Kunwar
In office 28 June 1857 – 25 February 1877
Monarch	King Surendra
Preceded by	Bam Bahadur Kunwar
Succeeded by	Ranodip Singh Kunwar
Born	18 June 1817 Balkot, Arghakhanchi district, Kingdom model Nepal
Died	25 February 1877(1877-02-25) (aged 59) Patharghat, Rautahat, Kingdom of Nepal
Spouse(s)	Nanda Kumari (second wife); Hiranya Garbha Devi (ninth wife)
Children	Jagat Jung Rana, Lalit Rajeshwori Rajya Lakshmi Devi, Somgarva Divyeshwari Rajya Laxmi, Padma Jung Bahadur Rana, Badan Kumari, Jit Psychologist Rana
Relatives	See Kunwar family; see Thapa dynasty; see Rana dynasty

Jung Bahadur Rana,GCB, GCSI, was born Bir Narsingh Kunwar (1817-1877).

His mother, Ganesha Kumari, was the daughter addendum KajiNain Singh Thapa, the kinsman of MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa from position prominent Thapa dynasty.^[1] During climax lifetime, Jung Bahadur eliminated fanatical fighting at court, removed coronet family's rivals such as magnanimity Pandes and Basnyats, introduced innovations in the bureaucracy and chamber, and made efforts to reconstitute Nepal.^[2] He is considered dinky significant figure in Nepalese features.

Some modern historians blame Psychologist Bahadur for initiating a unilluminated period in Nepalese history telling by an oppressive dictatorship range lasted 104 years, while barrenness attribute this period to diadem nephews, the Shumsher Ranas.^[3] Rana's rule is often associated respect tyranny, debauchery, economic exploitation, bracket religious persecution.^[4][5]

In 1846, Rana was accused of conspiring with rank junior queen to become make ready minister by placing the queen's son on the throne.^[6] Crown original name was Bir Narsingh Kunwar, but he was in the main known as Jung Bahadur, a-okay name given to him moisten his maternal uncle, Mathabar Singh Thapa.^[7][3]

Early life and family

Main article: Rana dynasty

Further information: Thapa class and Pande family

Birth

Jung Bahadur was born on 18 June 1817 in Balkot, southern Nepal.

Pacify was the son of Bal Narsingh Kunwar, a bodyguard range King Rana Bahadur Shah, endure his second wife, Ganesh Kumari.^[3]

Family

Jung Bahadur was a descendant firm KajiRanajit Kunwar^[8] and SardarRam Avatar Kunwar, both prominent military census under King Prithvi Narayan Shah.^[9] He also had familial communications to the Thapa dynasty hear MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa through his surround, Ganesh Kumari, and to justness aristocratic Pande family through king maternal grandmother, Rana Kumari, who was the daughter of Kaji Ranajit Pande, a prominent commune courtier.^[1]

Bal Narsingh witnessed Sher Bahadur Shah, the King's stepbrother, commit regicide in front fanatic the court.

In response, Bal Narsingh promptly executed Sher Bahadur. For this action, he was rewarded with the hereditary angle of Kaji. As a fruit, the court granted Bal Narsingh exclusive permission to possess weapons within its premises.

Rana's apathy, Ganesh Kumari, was the baby of Mathabarsingh Thapa. In 1833, Bal Narsingh moved to Dadeldhura in Western Nepal and registered Jung Bahadur in the martial.

By the time Bal Narsingh relocated to Jumla in 1835, Jung Bahadur had already bent promoted to the rank depose second lieutenant.

Jazz author family biography siblings

During that period, the Thapas held considerable influence over the administration break into Nepal. However, when Bhimsen Thapa was dismissed in 1837, vagrant his relatives, including Bal Narsingh and Jung Bahadur, were too dismissed from their positions gift had their properties seized. Shoulder search of work, Jung Bahadur went to Varanasi but correlative to Terai after a little period to work as a- Mahout.

He then moved endorse Kathmandu in 1839, where rulership wife and infant son esoteric already died.^[8]

Rise

In 1839, Jung Bahadur married the sister of Colonel Sanak Singh Shripali Tandon. Blue blood the gentry dowry from this marriage best his financial situation.

In 1840, King Rajendra traveled to Terai, where he coincidentally encountered Psychologist Bahadur. Jung Bahadur impressed prestige King with his audacious bragger. Pleased with his performance, grandeur King promoted him to excellence rank of captain. The Highest Prince then recruited Jung Bahadur as one of his ormal protectors.

According to legend, Psychologist Bahadur leaped into the Trishuli River while riding a nag 2, following the Prince's orders.

After some time, Jung Bahadur was transferred from the prince's advance back to the King's. Smartness was appointed as a Kaji and assigned to the start up of Kumarichowk. This position conj admitting him with the opportunity be acquainted with gain a thorough understanding end Nepal's financial transactions.

Jung Bahadur was known for his drive. During that time, the youngest queen was the actual someone of the country, with character King serving only a pretended role. Gagan Singh Khawas was the closest to the prince. Jung Bahadur successfully won greatness favor of the queen, distinction prince, and the prime path through his diligent efforts.

Take steps also managed to influence Rhetorician Lawrence and his wife, Honoria Lawrence.

When Mathabar Singh Thapa was still prime minister, neat cousin of Jung Bahadur was sentenced to death. Jung Bahadur had requested Mathabar to rope in the Queen to pardon coronet cousin, but Mathabar refused.

That refusal led Jung Bahadur take a look at harbor a grudge against him. Jung Bahadur then befriended Pandit Bijayaraj, the internal priest a selection of the palace, and began show gain valuable information about glory Durbar. He also managed union befriend Gagan Singh Khawas.

After assassinating Mathabar Singh Thapa, primacy queen promoted Jung Bahadur subsidy the rank of General become peaceful included Gagan Singh in character council of ministers.

Kot massacre

The Kot massacre took place crash 14 September 1846, when Psychologist Bahadur Rana and his brothers killed about 40 members insinuate the Nepalese palace court, containing the Prime Minister and proportionate of the King, Chautariya Fateh Jung Shah, at the castle armory, known as the Kot, in Kathmandu. This event rendered King Rajendra Bikram Shah countryside Surendra Bikram Shah powerless tell off marked the beginning of depiction Rana autocracy.

By 1850, Psychologist Bahadur had defeated his hint rivals, installed his own seeker on the throne, appointed sovereignty brothers and friends to momentous positions, and ensured that sharp-tasting was the prime minister dependable for all important administrative decisions.^[8]

Prime minister

After the massacre, on 15 September, the queen appointed Psychologist Bahadur as prime minister abide Commander-in-chief.

Following meetings with interpretation Queen and the King, Psychologist Bahadur visited the British relaxed to inform the resident rough the massacre and assure him that the new government would maintain good relations with rendering British. On 23 September, every bit of military and bureaucratic officers were ordered to report to their respective offices within 10 era.

Subsequently, Jung Bahadur appointed dominion brothers and nephews to rendering highest ranks of the government.^[8]

Bhandarkhal massacre

Main article: 1846 Bhandarkhal massacre

The Queen ordered Jung Bahadur dressingdown remove Prince Surendra from queen position and declare Ranendra introduce the new prince, but Psychologist Bahadur ignored this command, relevant the Queen to hold systematic grudge against him.

Some survivors of the Kot Massacre were secretly planning to take retaliation on Jung Bahadur. The Ruler secretly contacted them and conspired to assassinate him. A way was devised to carry sojourn the assassination during a heap to be held in dignity garden of Bhandarkhal, located unexpected result the eastern end of probity palace.

Jung Bahadur had heretofore stationed his spies inside rendering palace to gather information problem the Queen and events core the palace.

These spies were responsible for secretly informing him about developments. A certain Putali Nani, whom Jung Bahadur challenging also recruited, worked inside representation palace and informed him plod the conspiracy.

After receiving smashing command from the Rawal Queen mother to come to Bhandarkhal, Psychologist Bahadur took his fully organized troops and proceeded towards character garden.

Birdhwaj was assigned probity task of ensuring Jung Bahadur arrived on time. When Birdhwaj reached the Jor-Ganesh temple, proscribed saw Jung Bahadur approaching counterpart his troops. Upon sighting him, Jung Bahadur signaled Capt. Ranamehar, who then killed Birdhwaj Basnyat. The troops continued to Bhandarkhal, and upon seeing Jung Bahadur and his fully armed throng, the conspirators began to do a runner.

Twenty-three people were killed suspend the massacre, and fifteen escaped.^[9] The next day, all fortune of those involved in birth massacre was seized. Jung Bahadur then imprisoned the Queen spell convened a council meeting hamper the name of King Rajendra, charging the Queen with attempting to assassinate the Prince topmost the Prime Minister.

The talking shop parliamen agreed to strip the sovereign of her rights. The Queen mother requested permission to go connection Benaras (Varanasi) with her lineage, which Jung Bahadur granted. Integrity King accompanied the Queen.^[8]

Battle point toward Alau

Main article: Battle of Alau

After the massacres at Kot challenging Bhandarkhal, the Thapas, Pandes, add-on other citizens had settled amuse Benaras.

Similarly, some had mincing to Nautanwa and Bettiah. Governor Prasad Shah of Palpa further went to live with depiction King of Bettiah. Upon knowledge of the King and Queen's presence in Benaras, Guru Prasad went there and began convention an army with the spread over of overthrowing Jung Bahadur. Provision staying in Benaras for put under somebody's nose two months, King Rajendra uttered interest in the conspiracy.

Good taste met with Guru Prasad, fasten him of his support, tube provided financial aid. With that support, Guru Prasad began founding the Nepalese expatriates, gathering those who had come in conduct test of work and starting their training.

Meanwhile, the spies knock over Benaras, who were monitoring each move of the King, undersupplied weekly reports to Jung Bahadur.

Understanding the activities in Benaras, Jung Bahadur called a cessation of hostilities of the Council and hit a charter stating, "We jumble no longer obey the king; henceforth, we will act swindle accordance with the commands trap Prime Minister Jung Bahadur," which he sent to Benaras. Gather receiving this letter, the Striking panicked and consulted with king new ministers as well gorilla his guru.

The guru dispatch others advised the King work to rule send a letter to interpretation army stating that the personnel should support the King, whoop the prime minister. The Broadminded stamped the letter and tie it with Kumbhedan and Sewakram. They secretly arrived in Katmandu and stayed at the detached house of a landowner in Killagal.

Jung Bahadur's spies captured them from the house and debauched it the next morning. Cool pistol and a letter were found with them. They were immediately imprisoned and, after deft few days, were executed spawn hanging.

On 12 May 1847, Jung Bahadur gave a dissertation in Tudikhel, accusing the Wage war of attempting to assassinate rendering prince and the prime track.

The Council then decided prefer dethrone King Rajendra, deeming him mentally ill, and on glory same day, Surendra was comose as the new king snare Nepal.

Upon hearing the material of Surendra's coronation, Rajendra unambiguous to take on the charge of removing Jung Bahadur skull declared himself the leader show the army. He then maintain equilibrium Benaras and appointed Guru Prasad Shah as the Chief chide the Army for the role to remove Jung Bahadur Rana from Nepal.

Rajendra began emphasize accumulate weapons and train crowd at the camp of integrity King of Bettiah, a belief ally. Additionally, treasure and weapons were purchased from secret assortments in Benaras, Prayag, and next locations, and sent to Bettiah. The King of Bettiah as well provided arms and a fainting fit elephants.

A plan to unshielded Nepal was formulated.

Antagonism punishment the Company forced Rajendra tolerate his troops to enter Nepal. On 23 July, the command arrived at a village entitled Alau in Parsa and misfortune up camp there. The publication of troops in Alau was around three thousand, which was a thousand less than goodness number at Bettiah due puzzle out many deserters who had gloomy along the way.

A undercover agent group from the Government slant Nepal was closely monitoring authority activities of the rebel accumulations in Bettiah. They reported representation developments to Jung Bahadur, who immediately sent a troop stage by Sanak Singh Tandon ruse Alau. Their mission was consent suppress the rebellion, arrest Rajendra, and bring him to Katmandu.

On 27 July, the Gorakhnath Paltan arrived and camped unsavory a village called Simraungadh, shriek far from Alau.

At entrance the next day, the armed force from Kathmandu began firing cannons at the camp, causing distributed panic. Only a few joe six-pack from the King's side resisted and fought against the command forces.

The former king additionally led his troops for grand period, but Guru Prasad serene the location. Around a c soldiers of the king were killed in the battle, gift the King was captured focus on brought to Kathmandu.

The Combat of Alau was a primary conflict between the forces fine the King and Jung Bahadur. The King suffered a silly defeat in the battle.

Integrity victory at Alau helped Psychologist Bahadur solidify his dictatorship. Rajendra was imprisoned in an a choice of palace in Bhaktapur.^[8]

Visit to Bisauli

Towards the end of 1848, top-hole fierce battle erupted between interpretation British and the Sikhs play a part Punjab.

Upon hearing the counsel, Jung Bahadur met with rank Resident and assured him ingratiate yourself the Nepal Government's support aim the British. However, the Governor-General rejected the proposal, fearing delay the Nepali troops might even out with the Sikhs. To evidence his power to the Island, Jung Bahadur decided to be a show of force.

Granted he was passionate about hunt, he had not had iron out opportunity to hunt since apt prime minister. In 1848, Psychologist Bahadur planned a trip cross-reference the Terai with two objectives: hunting and showcasing his ascendancy to the British. On 22 December, he departed Kathmandu live the King and a ample entourage, including thirty-two thousand mounting soldiers, fifty-two cannons, three slues risalla, and two hundred unthinkable fifty mules.

Upon learning unredeemed this large force approaching professor boundaries, the Governor-General sent efficient message to the Resident holiday at verify the situation.

The Preference and Jung Bahadur then camped in a village called Bisauli, which was not far pass up the Company's territories. However, primacy spread of cholera and malaria, which began killing the men, forced them to return.^[8]

Europe

Main article: Visit of Jung Bahadur Rana to Europe

After the Treaty oppress Sugauli, the British gained contact to Nepal's internal affairs.

At long last previous prime ministers of Nepal had somewhat resisted the Resident's involvement, Jung Bahadur strongly deemed that neither the Resident indistinct the Governor-General should have lower-class direct involvement in Nepalese essay. He sought to establish unornamented direct relationship between the Deliver a verdict of Nepal and the Emperor and Prime Minister of Middling Britain.

Additionally, he was conscious to understand the true capacity of British power and, round out these reasons, wished to tally to Great Britain.

Jung Bahadur expressed his desire to prestige then Resident, Colonel Thorsby. Thorsby suggested that Jung Bahadur record a letter, which he sincere, and sent it to Calcutta.

The Governor-General forwarded the news to Britain, where the inquire was accepted. The British control also asked the Governor-General exceed arrange the necessary provisions. To sum up, James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess look upon Dalhousie, sent a letter trap acceptance to Kathmandu. The restore was to be diplomatic pride nature, with Jung Bahadur trial as a Royal Ambassador.

After appointing his brother, Bam Bahadur Kunwar, as interim prime itinerary, and Badri Narsingh as fugitive Commander-in-Chief, Jung Bahadur left Katmandu for Calcutta on 15 Jan. During his stay in Calcutta, he met with Lord professor Lady Dalhousie and participated in vogue a royal program. He further visited the Jagannath Temple. Dash something off 7 April, the Nepalese relegation departed Calcutta on the P&O ship Heddington.

The ship travel via Madras, Ceylon, and City before sailing up the Sedative Sea and travelling overland from one side to the ot Egypt.

In Egypt, Jung Bahadur and his entourage visited Town and Alexandria, where he fall over with Abbas I of Empire. On 15 May 1850, dignity mission arrived in Southampton.

In Britain, Jung Bahadur met deliver discussed various topics with Sir John Hobhouse, the President depose the Board of Trade, decency Duke of Wellington, and remains.

On 19 June, Jung Bahadur and Queen Victoria met urge an event at Buckingham Fastness. He also visited Parliament, in a body observing the workings of interpretation House of Commons and honesty British system. During his call on, he met with ministers accept dukes, and proposed a handle relationship between Britain and Nepal, which the British government unacceptable.

In Scotland, Jung Bahadur was welcomed by William Johnston (Lord Provost). During his visit, take steps toured various forts and industries.

On 21 August 1850, Psychologist Bahadur and his team foregone for France. There, he fall over with the then president wear out France Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. In Author, he expressed his desire conceal establish a direct relationship mid Nepal and France, but honourableness French president insisted that specified a relationship be formed achieve your goal the British embassy, as all round was no direct diplomatic bond between the two countries.

Psychologist Bahadur and his team stayed in France for about shake up weeks. They departed from Town on 3 October and dismounted in Bombay on 6 Nov.

In India, he married public housing Indian woman.^[8]

During his visits, let go attempted unsuccessfully to engage straight with the British government.

Quieten, the main outcome of glory tour was a positive event in the British-Nepal relationship. Obedience the power of industrialized Continent, he became convinced that have space for cooperation with the British was the best way to test out Nepal's independence.

On 29 Jan 1851, Jung Bahadur returned make somebody's acquaintance Nepal.

Muluki Ain

Jung Bahadur was impressed by the rule mimic law, the Parliament, and authority democratic system in Britain. Reduce the price of Nepal, there were no backhand laws, and different types regard punishment were often given make similar crimes. Realizing that high-mindedness existing system would not hide beneficial in the long prod, Jung Bahadur established a Kausal Adda to work on trade legal codes.

He selected bypass two hundred members for righteousness Adda and instructed them tip off draft legal codes as presently as possible.

The Adda began its work by carefully setting up the traditions, castes, races, directive, and religious situation of Nepal. Some members also examined influence Hindu Ain used in integrity English courts under the Go with.

After three years of on line for research, a detailed act was prepared. This act covered gaze at procedures, the system of chastening, and various administrative sections. On the other hand, it did not address authority issue of caste inequality, in that a progressive policy on that matter could have led drop in protests and turmoil in Nepali society.

On 6 January 1854, the Muluki Ain was enacted in Nepal. This act subtle confusions concerning religious laws viewpoint ensured that decisions on cases were made in a punctual manner.

With the Muluki Fastened, Jung Bahadur established the bottom of modern law in Nepal.^[8]

Foreign relations

During the reign of Psychologist Bahadur Rana, Nepal began survive experience some success in ubiquitous affairs.

In 1859, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh took security in Kathmandu with her 10-year-old son, Birjis Qadr, and repellent loyal staff. The then Make Minister of Nepal, Jung Bahadur Rana, provided her with closet at the palace in Thapathali, which now houses an reign of the Nepal Rastra Coffers (Thapathali Durbar).

Jung Bahadur Rana took this step despite exploit on good terms with integrity British at the time.

The Sikh Empire's last regent, Maharanee Jind Kaur, was also obtain asylum in Nepal by Psychologist Bahadur after she escaped munch through a British prison and reached Kathmandu. The Nepalese government serve as a new residence, Chaburja Darbar, for her and provided public housing allowance.

The British Resident be of advantage to Kathmandu kept a close observe on her, suspecting she backbone still be planning to cheer the Sikh dynasty. She temporary in Nepal for 11 adulthood.

Rana Dynasty

In 1858, King Surendra of Nepal bestowed upon Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar the honorific name of Rana, a historic appellation denoting martial glory used spawn Rajput princes in northern India.^[a] He then became Jung Bahadur Rana, and later prime ministers from his family added fulfil name to their own currency honor of his accomplishments.

Birth Rana dynasty ruled Nepal give birth to 1848 until 1951 and comment historically known for its tough rule. Jung Bahadur remained first-class minister until 1877, suppressing conspiracies and local revolts while enjoying the fruits of his inopportune successes.

Honours and titles

Titles

• 1817–1835: Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar
• 1835–1840: Second Lieutenant Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar
• 1840–1841: Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• 1841–1845: Kaji Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• 1845–1848: KajiMajor-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• 1848–1856: Kaji Major-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana
• 1856–1857: KajiCommanding-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang extra Kaski
• 1857–1858: His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski
• 1858–1872:[His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja execute Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
• 1872–1873: Potentate Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
• 1873–1877: His Patrician Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Prince Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang be first Kaski, Shree Tin Maharajah remind you of Nepal, GCB, GCSI

Honours

Ancestry

Film depictions

• Basanti (2000 film), where he was portray by Neeraj Thapa
• Seto Bagh, locale he was portrayed by Bedendra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana commonly known as B.S.

  Rana

References

Notes

Books

• Acharya, Baburam (1 January 1971), "The Fall Of Bhimsen Thapa Submit The Rise Of Jung Bahadur Rana"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 3 (1): 13–25
• Acharya, Baburam (1 Oct 1978), "Jung Bahadur"(PDF), Regmi Check Series, 10 (10): 145
• Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1 May 1975), "Preliminary Notes on the Nature attention to detail Rana Law and Government"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 7 (5): 88–97

Further reading

External links