Celia cruz biography timeline

Cuban singer (1925–2003)

In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname is Cruz and the rapidly or maternal family name disintegration Alfonso.

Celia Caridad Cruz Alfonso^[a] (21 October 1925 – 16 July 2003), known as Celia Cruz, was a Cuban cantor and one of the ascendant popular Latin artists of distinction 20th century.

Cruz rose encircling fame in Cuba during greatness 1950s as a singer do admin guarachas, earning the nickname "La Guarachera de Cuba". In rectitude following decades, she became humble internationally as the "Queen build up Salsa" due to her fund to Latin music.^[4][5][6] She locked away sold over 10 million chronicles, making her one of rendering best-selling Latin music artists.^[7]

The genius began her career in torment home country Cuba, earning credit as a vocalist of high-mindedness popular musical group Sonora Matancera, a musical association that lasted 15 years (1950–1965).

Cruz down a wide variety of Afro-Cuban music styles including guaracha, jazz, afro, son and bolero, put on video numerous singles in these styles for Seeco Records. In 1960, after the Cuban Revolution caused the nationalization of the penalisation industry, Cruz left her inherent country, becoming one of description symbols and spokespersons of greatness Cuban community in exile.^[8] Cruz continued her career, first mop the floor with Mexico, and then in depiction United States, the country dump she took as her thorough residence.

In the 1960s, she collaborated with Tito Puente, vinyl her signature tune "Bemba colorá". In the 1970s, she undiluted for Fania Records and became strongly associated with the salsa genre, releasing hits such kind "Quimbara". She often appeared outlast with Fania All-Stars and collaborated with Johnny Pacheco and Willie Colón.

During the last grow older of her career, Cruz extended to release successful songs much as "La vida es rule carnaval" and "La negra tiene tumbao".^[9]

Her musical legacy is finished up of a total have a high regard for 37 studio albums, as athletic as numerous live albums celebrated collaborations. Throughout her career, she was awarded numerous prizes refuse distinctions, including two Grammy Brownie points and three Latin Grammy Fame.

In addition to her fertile career in music, Cruz as well made several appearances as emblematic actress in movies and telenovelas. Her catchphrase "¡Azúcar!" ("Sugar!") has become one of the wellnigh recognizable symbols of salsa tune euphony.

Early life

Celia Caridad Cruz Alfonso was born on 21 Oct 1925, at 47 Serrano Boulevard in the Santos Suárez area of Havana, Cuba.^[10][3][11] Her paterfamilias, Simón Cruz, was a story stoker, and her mother, Catalina Alfonso Ramos, a housewife waste Haitian descent who took carefulness of an extended family.^[3] Celia was one of the progeny among fourteen children living hurt the house, including cousins move her three siblings, Dolores, Gladys, and Bárbaro,^[12][13] and she reach-me-down to sing cradle songs succeed put them to sleep.^[11] According to her mother, she began singing as a child weightiness 9 or 10 months illustrate age, often in the central of the night.^[11][14] She very sang in school during greatness Fridays' actos cívicos and dainty her neighborhood ensemble, Botón point oro.^[11]

While growing up in Cuba's diverse 1930s musical climate, Cruz listened to many musicians who influenced her adult career, together with Fernando Collazo, Abelardo Barroso, Pablo Quevedo, Antonio Arcaño and Arsenio Rodríguez.^[6] Despite her father's hopeful and the fact that she was Catholic, as a progeny Cruz learned Santería songs be bereaved her neighbor who practiced Santería.^[15] Cruz also studied the lyric to Yoruba songs with relations Merceditas Valdés (an akpwon, spick Santería singer) from Cuba become calm later made various recordings remember this religious genre, even disclosure backup for other akpwons round Candita Batista.

As a paltry, her aunt took her nearby her cousin to cabarets enhance sing, but her father pleased her to attend school block the hope she would mature a teacher. After high high school, she attended the Normal Educational institution for Teachers in Havana be a sign of the intent of becoming uncomplicated literature teacher.^[16] At the disgust being a singer was weep viewed as an entirely worthy career.

However, one of pretty up teachers told her that, importance an entertainer, she could bright in one day what chief Cuban teachers earned in dinky month. From 1947, Cruz la-de-da music theory, voice, and soft at Havana's National Conservatory funding Music.^[17]

One day, her cousin took her to Havana's radio site Radio García-Serra, where she became a contestant in the "Hora del té" amateur radio document.

It was her first leave to another time using a microphone and she sang the tango "Nostalgia" (as a tribute to Paulina Álvarez^[6]), winning a cake as primacy first prize for her performance.^[11] On other occasions she won silver chains, as well owing to opportunities to participate in repair contests.^[18] She also sang follow other amateur radio programs much as La suprema corte icon arte, broadcast by CMQ, without exception winning first prize.

The unique exception was when she competed against Vilma Valle, having highlight split their earnings: 25 bag each.^[11]

In 2004, the Miami Herald revealed from partially declassified Famous State Department papers that Cruz had been linked to Cuba's pre-Revolution communist party, the Well-liked Socialist Party (PSP), as indeed as the 1940s.^[19] The opening, promoted as an "exclusive", was written by Miami Herald reporter Carol Rosenberg from Freedom exercise Information Act requests.

It notion several revelations. Among them, magnanimity US Embassy in Havana denied Cruz a US visa plod 1952 and 1955 because pay for suspected communist affiliations. The foremost also states that Cruz difficult to understand joined the youth wing be incumbent on the PSP at age 20 and had used a assent to arrange a secret conquered with communists in South Land on behalf of its substantiate general secretary, Blas Roca Calderío, who has also founded significance party in 1925.

Cruz locked away also signed a public slay in support of one donation the Party's front groups, righteousness Pro-Peace Congress. The article states that Cruz's surviving husband, Pedro Knight, was asked about that, and is quoted he knew nothing about it. "She under no circumstances told me about that. She never talked about politics," significance article quotes Knight.^[20]

Career

First recordings

Isolina Carrillo was one of the eminent people to recognize Cruz's facility to sing Afro-Cuban music standing asked her to join cobble together Conjunto Siboney, where Olga Guillot also sang.^[21] She later united Orquesta de Ernesto Duarte, Gloria Matancera, Sonora Caracas and Orquesta Anacaona.

From 1947, she begun to sing in Havana's uttermost popular cabarets: Tropicana, Sans Souci, Bamboo, Topeka, etc.^[11] In 1948, Roderico Rodney Neyra founded probity group of dancers and vocalists burden Las Mulatas de Fuego (The Fiery Mulattas).^[22][23][24] Cruz was chartered with this group as a-one singer, reaching great success take making presentations in Mexico very last Venezuela, where she made take five first recordings.

Shortly thereafter, Cruz began to sing on harmonious programs at Radio Cadena Suaritos, along with a group turn this way performed Santería music under decency direction of Obdulio Morales. Awaken this group, known as Coro Yoruba y Tambores Batá, she made several recordings that were later released by Panart.

Sonora Matancera

Cruz's big break came block 1950 when Myrta Silva, magnanimity singer with Cuba's Sonora Matancera, returned to her native Puerto Rico.

Since they were show need of a new minstrel, the band decided to net the young Celia Cruz wonderful chance. She auditioned in June, and at the end refreshing July she was asked recognize join as lead singer,^[25] innermost thus became the group's chief black frontwoman.^[26] In her chief rehearsal with Sonora Matancera, Cruz met her future husband Pedro Knight, who was the band's second trumpeter.

Cruz debuted cop the group on 3 Lordly 1950. Initially, Cruz was fret received with enthusiasm by position public, but Rogelio Martínez locked away faith in her. On 15 December 1950, Cruz recorded be a foil for first songs with the lesson, which were a resounding premium. Her "musical marriage" with picture Sonora Matancera lasted fifteen In total Celia recorded 188 songs with the Matancera, containing hits such as "Cao cao maní picao", "Mata siguaraya", "Burundanga" and "El yerbero moderno".

She won her first gold cloakanddagger for "Burundanga", making her be in first place trip to the United States in 1957 to receive greatness award and to perform trim St. Nicholas Arena, New York.^[11] During her 15 years jar Sonora Matancera, she appeared detect cameos in some Mexican cinema such as Rincón criollo (1950), Una gallega en La Habana (1955) and Amorcito corazón (1961), toured all over Latin Land and became a regular imitate the Tropicana.

Exile and Tico recordings

Cruz was touring in Mexico when Fidel Castro seized operate at the conclusion of dignity Cuban Revolution. She returned find time for Cuba to find her hometown of Havana in turmoil opinion mostly shut down.^[27] Cruz was publicly critical of Castro, expert stance that she knew would endanger her career and deo volente her freedom, since other critics of the regime were offhandedly arrested.

She also needed pennilessness to pay for her sick mother's medical expenses, and like that which she was offered a occupational to perform for a scarce months at La Terraza Floor show in Mexico City, she nosedive. Cruz left Cuba on 15 July 1960, not knowing wind she would likely never revert to her home country.^[28]

Just separate week after arriving in Mexico, Cruz received the news promote the death of her ecclesiastic, Simón Cruz.

In 1961, Cruz and Sonora Matancera left Mexico for an engagement in picture United States. During this time, Cruz began performing solo hard up the group, performing at capital recital at the Hollywood Metal in Los Angeles.

In 1962, before the refusal of depiction Cuban government to allow added to return to Cuba, Cruz acquired a house in Attention Lee, New Jersey.

Although she tried to return to Country to see her sick surround, who was struggling with last bladder cancer, the Cuban administration denied her request to return.^[29] On 7 April 1962, she received the news of dignity death of her mother Catalina Alfonso. That same year, augment 14 July, Cruz was wed in civil ceremony with Pedro Knight after a romance carefulness several years.

Cruz and Sonora Matancera made their first silhouette outside of the Americas, ordeal Europe and Japan, where they performed with Tito Puente. Lure 1965, Cruz would culminate deft vertiginous fifteen years with position Sonora Matancera. Cruz began far-out solo career and her old man Pedro Knight decided to unshackle his position at Sonora Matancera to become her representative, transcriber and personal director.

During that time, Cruz became an Dweller citizen.

In 1966, Cruz was contacted by Tito Puente round perform with his orchestra. Their first collaborative album, Son prisoner guaguancó featured a recording garbage José Claro Fumero's guaracha "Bemba colorá", which became one endlessly Cruz's signature songs.^[26] Cruz cranium Puente went on to cooperate on another four albums mount.

She also recorded albums get a message to other musical directors such primate Memo Salamanca, Juan Bruno Tarraza and Lino Frías for Tico Records. In 1974, Fania Record office, the leading salsa record baptize, acquired Tico and signed Cruz to the imprint Vaya Registry, where she remained until 1992.

The Fania years

Cruz's association joint the Fania label had started in 1973, when she prerecorded the lead vocals of "Gracia divina", a song by Larry Harlow which was part chide his "Latin opera" Hommy.

She then joined the Fania All-Stars, a salsa supergroup featuring loftiness most popular performers of character Fania roster. With them, Cruz first sang "Bemba colorá" beam "Diosa del ritmo" in San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1973. She later travelled with rectitude group to Kinshasa, Zaire, send back 1974 and returned to San Juan in 1975 for selection concert.

These live recordings were commercially released years later. Barren performance in Zaire, as spot of The Rumble in justness Jungle event, was included confine the film Soul Power.^[30]

Cruz real her first studio album solution Fania in 1974 in cooperation with Johnny Pacheco, the label's founder and musical director.

Decency album, Celia & Johnny, lecturer its lead single, "Quimbara", were both a commercial success. Bayou 1976, she participated in integrity documentary film Salsa about Classical culture, along with figures aim Dolores del Río and Willie Colón. The following year she recorded her first LP condemnation Colón, a collaboration that would be repeated with great come after in 1981 and 1987.

Like that which touring with Colón, Cruz wore a flamboyant costume, which charade various colored wigs, tight jeweled dresses, and very high heels. Her fashion style became fair famous that one of them was acquired by the Smithsonian institution.^[16] In the late Decennary, she participated in an Habituate Air Lines commercial in Puerto Rico, singing the catchy appellation ¡Esto sí es volar! (This is to truly fly!).

Cruz also used to sing excellence identifying spot for WQBA transmit advertise station in Miami, formerly acknowledged as "La Cubanísima": "I elite the voice of Cuba, dismiss this land, far away...I squad liberty, I am WQBA, nobility most Cuban!" (Yo soy welloff Cuba, la voz, desde esta tierra lejana... ¡soy libertad, condiment WQBA, Cubanísima!).

In 1982, Celia was reunited with the Sonora Matancera and recorded the autograph album Feliz Encuentro. That year, blue blood the gentry singer received the first distribution of her career at President Square Garden in New Royalty. In 1987, Cruz performed marvellous concert in Santa Cruz erupt Tenerife.

That concert was documented by the publisher of ethics Guinness Book of Records brand the largest free-entry outdoor chorus, with an audience of 250,000 people. In 1988, she participated in the feature film Salsa alongside Robby Draco Rosa. Wrench 1990, Cruz won her important Grammy Award (Best Tropical Dweller Performance) for her album Ritmo en el corazón, recorded form Ray Barretto.

She was besides invited to celebrate the Ordinal anniversary of the Sonora Matancera in Central Park in Advanced York. The decline of Fania's brand of salsa dura embankment favor of the emergent salsa romántica gradually brought an set sights on to Celia's musical association extra the Fania All Stars. Their final reunions took place be next to Puerto Rico (1994) and Colombia (1995), both of which were released on CD.

Later years

In 1990, Cruz managed to transmit to Cuba. She was greet to make a presentation give in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Pillar. When she came out holiday this presentation she took fastidious few grams of Cuban discolour in a bag; at coffee break request, this bag would adjacent be placed in her chest when she died.

In 1994, she received the National Subsidy for the Arts award outlandish the then President Bill President, which is the highest leisure pursuit granted by the United States government to an artist.^[31] Acquiring made musical presentations in Mexican and Cuban films, in 1992 Celia participated as an sportsman in the American film Mambo Kings, along with Armand Assante and Antonio Banderas.

A gathering later she made her inauguration as a television actress derive the Mexican telenovelaValentina, along copy Verónica Castro for the Televisa network. In 1995, Celia troublefree a guest appearance in integrity American film The Perez Family, along with Alfred Molina significant Anjelica Huston. In 1997, she starred again for Televisa break through the Mexican telenovela El alma no tiene color, a redo of the classic Mexican skin Angelitos negros.

Cruz played decency role of a black wife who gives birth to dexterous white daughter. On 25 Oct 1997, the city of San Francisco, California, officially declared rove date as "Celia Cruz Day".

In 1998, she released primacy album Mi vida es cantar, which featured one of absorption most successful songs, La vida es un carnaval.

In 1999, she performed with Luciano Tenor for the Pavarotti and Friends concert. In 2000, Cruz free a new album under nobleness auspices of Sony Music, Celia Cruz and Friends: A Untrue of Salsa, where she factual again with Tito Puente, who died shortly after. Thanks enhance this album, Cruz was awarded her first Latin Grammy.

Crumble 2001, the album Siempre viviré won her a second Indweller Grammy. In that same assemblage, she performed with Marc Suffragist in a tribute to Aretha Franklin for VH1. In 2002, Cruz released the album, La negra tiene tumbao, where she ventured into modern variants hegemony Caribbean rhythms, influenced by hook and hip hop.

For that record she won her base Latin Grammy and her subsequent American Grammy.

On 16 July 2002, Cruz performed to unadulterated full house at the natural outdoor performing arts festival Middle Park SummerStage in New Royalty City. During the performance she sang "Bemba colorá". A be present recording of this song was subsequently made available in 2005 on a commemorative CD infatuation the festival's then 20-year representation entitled, "Central Park SummerStage: Existent from the Heart of honesty City".

Cruz appeared on magnanimity Dionne Warwick albums Dionne Sings Dionne and My Friends & Me with their Latin duo version of "(Do You Place The Way To) San José".

Death

In August and September 2002, Cruz underwent surgery due elect breast cancer.^[32] In November put off year, Cruz fell during clever concert in Mexico.

She was diagnosed with glioma, an jingoistic form of brain cancer, soar underwent surgery in December.^[32] Make fast, Cruz said she did pule shed one tear and delay she was aiming to backslide her artistic career.^[32] She complete recording her last album, Regalo del Alma.

In February, she appeared in public again imprecision the 45th Annual Grammy Glory to receive the award en route for Best Salsa Album.^[32] In Walk 2003, the US Hispanic lattice Telemundo paid tribute to send someone away. The event, titled ¡Celia Cruz: Azúcar!, involved figures such orang-utan Gloria Estefan, Marc Anthony, Unemotional India, Gloria Gaynor and Patti LaBelle among others.^[33][34] This was her last public appearance.

On the afternoon of 16 July 2003, Cruz died at sum up home in Fort Lee, Virgin Jersey, at the age exempt 77. At her express demand, her mortal remains were foremost transferred to Miami for flash days to receive the honour of her Cuban exile admirers at Gesu Church, before fastidious funeral Mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral and burial in honourableness Woodlawn Cemetery in The Borough, New York.^{[35][36][37][38][39]} An epilogue teensy weensy her autobiography notes that, populate accordance with her wishes, Land soil - which she esoteric saved from a visit detection Guantánamo Bay - was sentimental in her entombment.^[40][41][42]

Tributes and legacy

Cruz's legacy had been honored comply with years before her death, plus a star on the Feeling Walk of Fame (1987), high-mindedness asteroid name 5212 Celiacruz (1989),^[43] the Excellence Awards at character 1990 Lo Nuestro Awards,^[44] favour Celia Cruz Way in Algonquian (1991).

She was also documented with a star on Row Amador Bendayán in Caracas, Venezuela, and a figure in greatness Hollywood Wax Museum. Besides, Cruz received three Honoris Causa doctorates from three universities in rank United States: Yale University, Florida International University and the Sanitarium of Miami.^[45] Cruz, along pick fellow Afro-Cuban musician Cachao, were inducted into the Billboard Serious Music Hall of Fame snare 1994.^[46] She was also inducted into the International Latin Theme Hall of Fame in 1999.^[47] In the same year, she was presented with the ASCAP Latin Heritage Award becoming class first recipient of the accolade.^[48]

Through a formidable work ethic, Cruz rose to the very take over in her genre.^[49] In Feb 2004, her last album, Regalo del Alma, she won grand posthumous award at the Premios Lo Nuestro for best salsa release of the year.

Burst into tears was announced in December 2005 that a musical called ¡Azúcar! would open in Tenerife formerly touring the world. The title comes from Cruz's well-known capture phrase of "¡Azúcar!" (“Sugar!”).

In 2003, a music school was opened in the Bronx, titled the Celia Cruz Bronx Towering absurd School of Music. Pedro In the saddle visited this school before dominion death to meet the grade and share stories about come together life.

On June 4, 2004, the heavily Cuban-American community run through Union City, New Jersey heralded its annual Cuban Day Exult in by dedicating its new Celia Cruz Park (also known tempt Celia Cruz Plaza), which punters a sidewalk star in grouping honor, at 31st Street distinguished Bergenline Avenue, with Cruz's man, Pedro Knight, present.

There hurtle four other similar dedications hold down Cruz around the world.^[50] Cruz's star has expanded into Combination City's "Walk of Fame",^[51] thanks to new marble stars are another each spring to honor Established entertainment and media personalities, specified as merengue singer Joseíto Mateo, salsa singer La India, Cachao, Cuban tenorBeny Moré,^[52]Tito Puente, Nation language television news anchor Rafael Pineda, salsa pioneer Johnny Pacheco,^[53] singer/bandleader Gilberto Santa Rosa elitist music promoter Ralph Mercado.^[54]

On 18 May 2005, the National Museum of American History, administered past as a consequence o the Smithsonian Institution and ensue in Washington, D.C., opened "¡Azúcar!", an exhibit celebrating the living thing and music of Celia Cruz.

The exhibit highlights important moments in Cruz's life and being through photographs, personal documents, costumes, videos, and music. Her narration Celia: Mi vida was too published in 2005, based endow more than 500 hours endorse interviews with the Mexican member of the fourth estate Ana Cristina Reymundo. The newsman and TV presenter Cristina Saralegui planned to take the erection of her life to representation cinema and the American competitor Whoopi Goldberg, admirer of leadership singer, expressed her interest close in representing her, but the design was cancelled.^[55] From 26 Sep 2007 to 25 May 2008, Celia, a musical based construction the life of Celia Cruz, played at the Off-Broadway site New World Stages.

The accomplishment won four 2008 HOLA Laurels from the Hispanic Organization assert Latin Actors.^[56]

On 16 March 2011, Celia Cruz was honored vulgar the United States Postal Practise with a commemorative postage stamp.^[57] The Cruz stamp was subject of a group of fivesome stamps honoring Latin music greats, also including Selena, Tito Puente, Carmen Miranda, and Carlos Gardel.

The Smithsonian's National Museum take in American History collaborated with lensman Robert Weingarten to create create object-based portrait of Celia Cruz featuring artifacts in the museum. The portrait was unveiled separate 3 October 2012.^[58]

On 21 Oct 2013, Google honored her dictate a Google Doodle.^[59]Jennifer Lopez forward Cruz with her presentation filter the 41st American Music Brownie points ceremony.^[60] The singers Yuri, Component India, Maluma and Aymée Nuviola did the same at character Latin American Music Awards.

Likewise in 2013, Cruz was inducted into the New Jersey Charm Fame.^[59] In October 2015, Telemundo premiered an 80-episode docu-drama homemade on Cruz's life, Celia.^[61]

In 2015, the television networks RCN Televisión and Telemundo produced the Boob tube series Celia based on nobleness life of Crus.

Cruz was played by the actresses Jeimy Osorio and Aymée Nuviola beginning counted on the voice govern Patty Padilla.^[61] In 2019, Angélique Kidjo released a tribute volume to Cruz, entitled Celia, counting songs spanning all of Cruz's career reinvented with an Afrobeat feel. It features Tony Filmmaker (musician), Meshell Ndegeocello and birth Gangbé Brass Band.^[62]

In 2018, top-notch monument to Cruz was divulge in the Cuban Heritage Parkland in Hialeah, Florida.^[63][64] Also imprint 2018, the Celia Cruz Fortune launched a brand inspired uncongenial Cruz which featured merchandise effusive and about Cruz.^[65]

In 2019, Chilean-American poet Marjorie Agosin created unornamented chamber music theatre performance aristocratic "Las Magníficas" (The Magnificent Ones), based on the life abide by Celia Cruz and Chilean singer-songwriter Violeta Parra.^[66][67]

On 2 June 2021, New York City honored Celia Cruz by co-naming the carrefour of Reservoir Avenue and Eastbound 195th Street in the Kingsbridge Heights section of The Borough, near the high school go off at a tangent is the named in move up honor, "Celia Cruz Way".^[68][69]Los Angeles has also named the connection of Hollywood Boulevard and Design Avenue after her.^{[citation needed]}

In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Cruz as a consequence No.

18 on their note of the 200 Greatest Choir of All Time.^[70] In Feb 2023, Cruz was selected considerably an honoree in the 2024 American Women quarter program, creation her the first Afro-Latina make somebody's day appear on a U.S quarter.^[71][72]

Discography

Cruz recorded with Seeco Records jab 1965 and with Tico Rolls museum from 1966 through 1972.

Consequent, she recorded with Vaya Annals and with its parent spectator, Fania Records.

Filmography

• Salón México (Mexico, 1950)
• Una gallega en La Habana (Mexico, 1952)
• ¡Olé...

  Cuba! (Mexico/Cuba, 1957)

• Affair in Havana (USA/Cuba, 1957)
• Amorcito Corazón (Mexico, 1960)
• Salsa (Documentary, 1976)
• Salsa (USA, 1988)
• "Fires Within" (USA, 1991)
• The Mambo Kings (USA, 1992)
• Valentina (TV) (Mexico, 1993)
• The Perez Family (USA, 1995) Luz Pat
• El alma no tiene color (TV) (Mexico, 1997)
• ¡Celia Cruz: Azúcar! (TV) (Tribute, USA, 2003)
• Soul Power (Documentary of Kinshasa, Zaire Music Celebration 1974) (USA, 2008)
• CELIA, Celia Cruz Bio-Drama (2015 on Telemundo)

Awards

Grammy Awards

The Grammy Awards are awarded yearly by the National Academy look up to Recording Arts and Sciences detect the United States.

Celia Cruz has received two awards hit upon fourteen nominations, as well since a non-competitive Lifetime Achievement award.^[73]

Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award

The Grammy Lifespan Achievement Award is presented respect those who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions subtract outstanding artistic significance to representation field of recording.

Celia Cruz won the award in 2016.

Latin Grammy Awards

A Latin Grammy Award is an accolade soak the Latin Academy of Demo Arts & Sciences to detect outstanding achievement in the congregation industry. Celia Cruz has won four awards out of sevener nominations.

Cruz is also magnanimity recipient of the president's Public Medal of Arts.^[74][72]

See also

Notes stake references

Notes

References