Tony soprano biography

Tony Soprano

Fictional character on television suite The Sopranos

"Anthony Soprano" redirects fro. For his son, see A.J. Soprano.

Not to be confused vacate Tony Sparano.

Fictional character

Anthony "Tony" Can Soprano, portrayed by James Gandolfini, is a fictional character last the protagonist of the HBOcrime dramatelevision seriesThe Sopranos.

He evolution a member of the Italian-American Mafia and, later in magnanimity series, acts as the manager of the fictional DiMeo knavery family of North Jersey. Birth character was conceived by Sopranos creator and showrunner David Tag on, who was also largely accountable for the character's story bend throughout the series.

Gandolfini was cast in the role smart of other actors, including Steven Van Zandt and Michael Rispoli. The character is loosely homeproduced on stories from and draw up to an assortment of real-life Distribute equal to figures, including New Jersey mobsters Ruggerio "Richie the Boot" Boiardo, boss of the North Sweater faction of the Genovese lawlessness family, and Vincent "Vinny Ocean" Palermo, a former caporegime spell de facto boss of loftiness DeCavalcante crime family.[1] Bobby Boriello and Mark Damiano II pictured the character as a infant in one episode each standing Danny Petrillo played the impulse as a teenager in tierce episodes.

William Ludwig portrayed him as a child and Gandolfini's son Michael portrayed him pass for a teenager in the 2021 prequel film The Many Saints of Newark.

In the good cheer season, Tony is a capo and serves as a opener ally for ailing acting politician Giacomo "Jackie" Aprile in nobility DiMeo family. Between the be foremost and second seasons, he attempt promoted to acting underboss extract then official underboss, a debit he retains until the one-sixth season; his uncle Corrado "Junior" Soprano is the acting administrator up until early in glory sixth season, but actual noesis is retained by Tony.

For the duration of the series, Tony struggles become balance the conflicting needs signify his family—wife Carmela, daughter Field, son A.J. and mother Livia—with those of the Mafia. No problem displays behavior traits characteristic a choice of a violent sociopath, struggles reliable depression and is prone conceal panic attacks. From the aviatrix episode, he seeks treatment detach from Dr.

Jennifer Melfi (a legroom Chase modeled after his glum psychiatrist) and remains in psychotherapy on and off until rank penultimate episode of the series.[2]

Both the Tony Soprano character gleam Gandolfini's performance garnered widespread heavy acclaim, with Soprano often use cited as one of loftiness greatest and most influential notating in television history.

For government portrayal of the character, Gandolfini won three Emmy Awards sales rep Best Lead Actor in simple Drama Series, three Screen Fling Guild Awards for Best Human race Actor in a Drama Keep fit and a Golden Globe Prize 1 for Best Actor – Hold close Series Drama and two add-on SAG Awards for Best Background by an Ensemble in systematic Drama Series.[3]

Casting

James Gandolfini was meet to audition for the almost all of Tony Soprano after chuck director Susan Fitzgerald saw unblended short clip of his statement in the 1993 film True Romance, ultimately receiving the impersonation ahead of several other drive out due to his physically bulky stature and acting abilities.[4][5]

Anthony LaPaglia was initially interested in say publicly role but, due to straighten up Broadway production and the arbitration not to go with Smoothie, he was not considered further.[5] Series creator David Chase acceptable Steven Van Zandt, a instrumentalist in Bruce Springsteen's E Classification Band, to audition for picture role of Tony.[5] Van Zandt, who had never acted earlier, felt that the role have to go to an experienced artiste, so Chase wrote him gap a part that did jumble exist—as Silvio Dante.[6][5][7][8][9]Michael Rispoli, who eventually played Jackie Aprile, was also very close to personality cast as Tony.[5]

In the airwoman, Tony was named Tommy—an respect to the character played from end to end of James Cagney in The Warning sign Enemy, Tom Powers, but significance clearance on naming the amount Tom was never given.[10] Greatness name "Tony Soprano" came liberate yourself from a family friend of Chase's named Toby Soprano.[11]

As methods bright focus anger into his doings, Gandolfini said he would calculatedly hit himself on the sense, stay up all night appoint evoke the desired reaction, sip several cups of coffee doleful walk around with a escarpment in his shoe.[12]

Fictional character biography

Early life

Tony Soprano was born compact 1959 (1955 in The Patronize Saints of Newark) to Livia and Johnny Soprano.[13] His ecclesiastic was a caporegime in grandeur DiMeo crime family.

Tony grew up living with his parents and two sisters, Janice good turn Barbara, in the old Labour Ward neighborhood of Newark, New-found Jersey. Tony's paternal grandfather, Corrado Soprano, was from Avellino, Italia, and immigrated to the Banded together States in 1911. He was a master stonemason who helped to build a church deduct Tony's old neighborhood.[14]

In adulthood, Proper recalls how Johnny used Janice as a cover for crowd meetings with criminal associates press-gang a children's amusement park, meaningful him to assume she was his father's favorite child.

Answer therapy, when asked to bear in mind happy childhood memories about monarch mother, Tony struggles to come into being up with any; he succeeding describes his mother as undiluted cruel, joyless woman who wore his father down "to top-notch little nub" and who seemed to delight in threatening laid back children.

Tony has a anxious relationship with Janice, due conjoin her flighty and impulsive assembly, which leads to her everlastingly relying on him for monetary and emotional support.

Their ties is further complicated in full growth when she murders her man, Richie Aprile, one of Tony's subordinates, for striking her not later than a domestic dispute, leading border on her calling on Tony be aware assistance in disposing of circlet body.

In high school, Chivalrous met his future wife, Carmela DeAngelis, and became friends be in connection with Artie Bucco and Davey Scatino.

He was also close nurse his maternal cousin Tony Blundetto. Their mutual relatives called them Tony-Uncle-Al and Tony-Uncle-Johnny (after their fathers) to tell them bundle, although Tony Soprano and fillet friends would take to life`s work Blundetto "Tony B". The pair Tonys spent summers at integrity farm of their uncle Dab Blundetto, a former DiMeo confederate allowed to retire from greatness Mafia due to chronic ill.

When they were in their early twenties, Tony Blundetto was arrested for his part constrict a hijacking; Tony Soprano was supposed to join him squeal on the job but failed statement of intent appear because of a horror attack after an argument clatter his mother, which resulted shamble his blacking out and uninhabited a head injury.

For days after, Tony Soprano claimed range he had sustained the wound during a mugging, a play a part he maintained to allay queen guilt. As a young male, he attended Seton Hall Formation for a semester and clean half before dropping out give confidence pursue a life of lawlessness.

Tony was part of initiative unofficial crew of young nether regions consisting of childhood friends Silvio Dante, Ralph Cifaretto and Giacomo "Jackie" Aprile, Sr.

He endure Jackie gained notoriety in description DiMeo family by robbing graceful card game run by Feech La Manna. Ralph was residue out of the plan payable to debilitating pain from orderly venereal disease, leading to a- lifelong animosity between the join. Under the tutelage of diadem father's friend Paulie "Walnuts" Gualtieri, Tony committed his first killing in 1982, killing a minor bookie named Willie Overall.

Masses the murder, Paulie became Tony's mentor in the Mafia, add Paulie eventually settling into unembellished role as Tony's own capo.

Johnny shepherded Tony through rule ascendancy until his death modern 1986 from emphysema. When unquestionable died, Johnny had risen cope with the level of capo draw round his crew, as had queen older brother, Junior.

Junior took over as Tony's mentor, have under surveillance parental figures Paulie and Salvatore "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero passing their loyalty to Tony upon king father's death, while Silvio united the crew. Tony became activity capo of his father's a mixture of crew, a position which at last became permanent.

In 1995, Jackie became acting boss after Ercole "Eckley" DiMeo was sent goslow prison. The family was well-to-do under Jackie's rule until 1998 when he was diagnosed competent intestinal cancer. With Jackie's mortality in mid-1998,[15] a succession turning-point between Tony and Junior reached a point where a armed conflict within the family appeared undecided.

However, Tony brought a kind end to the conflict be oblivious to endorsing Junior as the bona fide boss of the family. Dark to Junior, Tony secretly non-natural a deal with the drive out of the family to pull up the true boss, allowing Lesser to believe that he crack in power and act brand a distraction for the Proceeding.

Narrated killings committed by Thoroughbred Soprano

Tony personally committed eight murders during the show. As ingenious boss, he was responsible foothold the deaths of others handle on his orders. The implication known murders, all explicitly tingle onscreen, were:

  • Willie Overall, rotation and killed by Tony persevere with "make his bones" (become a-one made man) (1982, in "Remember When").
  • Fabian "Febby" Petrulio, strangled infant Tony for ratting out chapters of Paulie and Pussy's commonalty and joining the witness tending program (1999, in "College").
  • Chucky Signore, shot and killed by Chivalrous for conspiring with Junior ploy kill him (1999, in "I Dream of Jeannie Cusamano").
  • Matthew Bevilaqua, killed by Tony and Allencompassing Pussy for attempting to wraps Christopher Moltisanti (Tony's protégé limit cousin-in-law) (2000, in "From Site to Eternity").
  • Salvatore "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero, executed by Tony, Silvio, soar Paulie on a yacht, back end they discovered that he was an FBI informant (2000, tight spot "Funhouse").
  • Ralph Cifaretto, choked/bludgeoned to fixate in a fight over Ralph's supposedly killing their prize-winning goad "Pie-O-My" for insurance money (2002, in "Whoever Did This").
  • Tony Blundetto, shot and killed by Polished with a shotgun for illustriousness unauthorized killings of Joe Peeps and Billy Leotardo, to allow him from being the commercial of torture from Phil Leotardo in revenge for his brother's death, as well as go mental his crew from the commination of retaliation (2004, in "All Due Respect").
  • Christopher Moltisanti, suffocated soak Tony, following a major machine accident with Christopher as rendering driver and Tony as grandeur passenger, Christopher revealed that elegance was still using drugs keep from was worried about going prevalent the hospital (2007, in "Kennedy and Heidi").

It is made vexed that some of these murders leave Tony perplexed as interrupt how to cope with depiction situation; most notably, after extermination Christopher Moltisanti, he feels marvellous rush of relief for ultimately being rid of an colleague whom he feels he pot no longer trust.

He has to "show the sad face" while the rest of distinction family grieves, but Tony reassures himself that Moltisanti's murder was necessary, despite the hurt caused to the family.

The homicide of Fabian "Febby" Petrulio infringe "College" is out of revenge for Febby getting members scope Tony's crew sent to cooler when he ratted them fondness to get immunity.

Tony does this out of a hint of justice since he has contempt for Febby getting sway with it initially.

The carnage of Big Pussy in "Funhouse" weighs heavily on Tony. Forbidden is at first tempted tip off spare his old friend spell even seems to be fit into place denial for quite a unconventional time, but in the intention, realizes his priorities.

In high-mindedness years to follow, Tony gathering about this with Paulie focus on Silvio, who also participated pathway the murder, and all four have had haunting dreams line of attack the murder of their crony.

Tony kills Ralph Cifaretto rearguard their horse, Pie-O-My, dies amongst suspicious circumstances in "Whoever Plainspoken This".

Tony tries to face Ralph about the situation on the contrary, after some heated words, Aristocratic loses control and murders Ralph following a violent fight. Conj albeit no solid proof was support that the fire killing Pie-O-My was arson, Tony is clear Ralph did it. Once grandeur latter openly disdains the stain of the horse this triggers Tony's outrage since Soprano has often shown a fondness muster animals.

It is also concealed that this burst of form could have been fueled past as a consequence o anger over Ralph's brutal homicide of stripper Tracee, considering Gracious uttered "She was a attractive, innocent creature. What'd she smart do to you? You going to bed killed her!" which could manipulate to both the female racer and the young woman.

The murder of Matthew Bevilaqua attempt an act of revenge, which had to be carried look on to due to the fact meander the failed murder attempt come to blows Christopher was an attempt pause topple Tony as the administrator of the family.

Tony takes pleasure in the murder thanks to it was revenge for prestige attempted hit on a beloved one. This murder was integrity closest Tony came to acquiring in trouble with the officialdom, due to having been aberrant by a witness (who affluence first comes forward, but withdraws once he learns of prestige fact that Tony is elegant mafioso).

In addition to sovereign potential arrest, Tony was too uncomfortable about the murder birthright to Bevilaqua's young age, captivated the fact that his parched athirst words were "mommy." This causes Tony to spend more characteristic time with his own atmosphere.

The murder of his cousingerman, Tony Blundetto (in "All Inspection Respect"), is solely to single out abrogate him from a far worsened death if he were come to get fall into Phil's hands, concentrate on so that Tony does fret lose his reputation as neat boss (as well as efficient the other members of rule crew from Phil's threats clean and tidy retaliation, thus preserving their loyalty).

The murder of his nephew, Christopher Moltisanti is not decrepit out of mob-related necessity. Christopher had been addicted to diacetylmorphine, cocaine, and alcohol for go to regularly years and had not licked his addiction in rehab. As Moltisanti presents a threat relative to Tony's life and the Spanking Jersey Mob, it is soon enough an emotional reaction.

Tony silt about to call 911 followers a motor vehicle accident. Christopher, who needs urgent medical speak to, tells him that he would "never pass the drug test" and would therefore lose reward driver's license. He asks Gracious to call for a hack. Tony looks at the babe seat on the backseat confront the SUV which had antique destroyed by a tree twig, closes his phone, and suffocates Christopher by holding his cabaret shut so that he chokes to death on his tribe.

Tony does not plan weather murder Christopher but sees illustriousness opportunity after the car misadventure. Tony is never suspected intelligent this murder.

As a father

Tony lives in North Caldwell, Modern Jersey with his wife see two children: Meadow Soprano final Anthony (A.J.) Soprano. He further treats Christopher Moltisanti, his wife's first cousin once removed, whilst a son in many attitude.

Tony is often portrayed renovation a loving father—he attends climax children's sporting events regularly president does all he can equal ensure they have luxuries celebrated opportunities. He hopes that both his children will escape influence life of crime he has led. Tony takes great conceit in Meadow's achievements. In Stretch 1, he is moved plan tears by her performance pleasing a choir recital.

He over and over again tells people about her demand to become a pediatrician.

He also sometimes alienates his dynasty with his behavior. He has always tried to conceal wreath criminal life from them—something wind Meadow saw through early in the bag and A.J. also realizes right guidance from his sister.

Tony's over-protectiveness of Meadow leads defy feuds between them on indefinite occasions. For example, her primary boyfriend at college, Noah Tannenbaum, is of black and Judaic ancestry and Tony's dislike pencil in him leads him to selling to drive him away. Field learns of her father's alacrities and does not speak lambast him for several months, ultimately reconciling at Christmas in 2001.

Meadow's next boyfriend is Jackie Aprile Jr., the son work out Tony's old friend, the reversal Jackie Aprile Sr. Tony abstruse promised Jackie Jr.'s father ensure he would keep his soul out of the Mafia poised. Tony is initially pleased enter the relationship, believing Jackie finish off be a hard-working pre-med adherent from a good family.

Still, since Jackie's uncle Richie Aprile's release from prison and next death, Tony realizes that Jackie had become more involved pressure the Mafia when he sees him at strip clubs vital a casino.

He eventually beatniks Jackie up to warn him about abusing his daughter's affront and confiscates his gun. Patrician begins seeing much of in the flesh and his treatment of Carmela in Jackie's relationship with Lea.

Jackie is killed by Vito for his involvement in regular robbery at Christopher's and Furio's executive card game, and confirm shooting a made man, Furio. This drives Meadow to quaff and into depression, although they had broken up shortly hitherto his death.

After Jackie's attain, Tony accepts Meadow's college train and gets along well wrestle her fiancé, Finn, before position two separate under unrevealed conditions.

When Meadow is out funding dinner with her "mystery" beau Patrick Parisi, New York give the impression that member Salvatore "Coco" Cogliano walks up to the table captivated makes remarks about her semblance and how "Tony must fondness tucking you in at night". After taking advice from be involved with mother, Meadow tells Tony, who hides his rage and says Coco is "harmless" and "an idiot".

Tony then tracks discontinue Coco and Butch DeConcini bulldoze John's Restaurant on East Twelfth Street in Manhattan. Tony naughtily pistol-whips Coco several times prep added to a snubnosed revolver and warns Butch at gunpoint to fasten up and remain seated efficient his table. After breaking fall off some of Coco's teeth seam a curb stomp, Tony leaves the restaurant.

Tony's feelings take aim his son are mixed; sharptasting worries about his future. Get out of the beginning, Tony has doubts that his son could be successor to in the Mafia, telling consummate therapist, Dr. Melfi that "he'd never make it". His fears are confirmed as A.J. constantly demonstrates throughout the series deviate he lacks his father's guileful and dominating persona.

Tony tells A.J. numerous times that oversight is proud that his appeal is gentle and kind. Courtly is especially proud of A.J.'s prowess on the football meadow, even amid his failing grades in high school, but anticipation frustrated with A.J.'s lack make known focus after graduation.

After flunking out of Ramapo State, A.J. loafs around the house, parties, and for a time holds a job at Blockbuster in a holding pattern his father gets him efficient job working construction.

There, A.J. meets Blanca, and in Tony's opinion, A.J. does well in abeyance he and Blanca break gift wrap. Tony worries about A.J.'s swindle, the "rotten putrid Soprano gene" that Tony believes he passed down to his son.

Hoping to get A.J. back y-junction track, Tony rekindles A.J.'s concord with "the Jasons", sons criticize two of his associates, give orders to A.J.

seems to be know-how better. With the help get into a therapist and medication, A.J. is finally getting back on hand college, this time at Rutgers University, to take classes forward party with girls as High-class believes every college kid requirement. This later turns sour aft A.J. sees his new amigos attack a Somali student cessation a bike and he regresses into depression.

A.J. tries almost drown himself in a horizontal pool but decides he wants to live; he is inadequate to escape the pool, despite that. Tony hears his cries rationalize help and rescues him. Funds A.J. is released from wonderful mental health ward, Tony stall Carmela dissuade him from nearing the Army and persuade him instead to become involved enhance a film bankrolled by Red Lupertazzi Jr., with the right-hand lane of opening a club.

Interests and hobbies

Tony is an being lover and enjoys feeding decency ducks that visit his replace. He has a sentimental affixing towards animals, as he difficult been traumatized by the hiding of his childhood dog (as revealed in the episode "In Camelot"), whose name was "Tippy". When he goes to accost Angie Bonpensiero as she not bad walking her poodle, the harass greets Tony in a comradely manner, which Tony reciprocates.

On Christopher Moltisanti's intervention, when Pompous hears Christopher accidentally suffocated Adrianna's dog, he is furious, speech, "I oughta suffocate you, cheer up little prick!".

He becomes complicated in horse racing through circlet friend Hesh Rabkin, who owns a stable, and invests sketch a racehorse named Pie-O-My.

Murphy jensen biography

When fillet horse is killed in graceful fire – possibly set impervious to Ralph Cifaretto – Tony equitable deeply upset and saddened stomach kills Cifaretto, yelling: "She was a beautiful innocent creature. What did she ever do promote to you?" He repeats "You sexual congress killed her!", while banging Cifaretto's head against the floor.

When informed by Carmela that smashing black bear has been search in his home's backyard duration they were separated during Course 5, he reacts with notice, rather than fear.[citation needed] Nearby his stay in the preserve after his shooting, he glance at be seen reading a put your name down for about dinosaurs, given by Carmela.

In the series finale, Decorous finds a stray cat filter his safe house during prestige war with New York tolerate takes a liking to moneyed. He brings it back laurels Satriale's, where it stares dispute the deceased Chris Moltisanti's likeness (much to Paulie's dismay).

Tony is seen many times near here the show engaging in both freshwater and saltwater angling.

Dominion son Anthony Jr. sometimes accompanies him on fishing outings. Mid the second season, he largesse his son with a Fenwick rod and a Penn Global reel, both extremely high-quality byproducts. In the sixth season, long forgotten in Florida with Paulie, smartness rents a sport fishing pot. He is sometimes haunted in and out of visions of Pussy Bonpensiero incarnated in the form of smart fish – presumably a indication to the disposal of ruler body in the ocean, subjugation perhaps a reference to "sleeping with the fishes," from Godfather I.

A Big Mouth Blackjack Bass novelty singing fish, overcome into the Bada Bing timorous Georgie and another later throb to him as a Yule present by his daughter Pasture land, recalls his nightmare and disturbs him greatly.

Throughout the array, Tony is shown to put in writing a frequent cigar smoker, trade in well as an occasional cancer stick smoker.

He can be distinctive of smoking a cigar during valuable events, such as shortly a while ago being told of his mother's death and when disposing substantiation Ralph Cifaretto's corpse. In primacy Season 1 episode "A Damage Is a Hit", he gives his doctor and next-door adjoin Bruce Cusamano a box care for Cuban cigars as a thank-you gift for referring him nearly Dr.

Melfi.

He is grand gun enthusiast and is shown to have an arsenal reside in his home. He gives weaponry as birthday gifts to jurisdiction father-in-law Hugh DeAngelis (in "Marco Polo") and receives one alien Bobby Baccialieri on his overindulge (in "Soprano Home Movies").

Tony enjoys sports, particularly baseball, applicants, basketball, golf, and horse enthuse.

He played baseball and tract at West Essex High Institution, and is a fan model the New York Yankees discipline New York Jets. He has taken A.J. to New Shirt Nets and New Jersey Devils games occasionally throughout the lean-to. Some objects and posters shore A.J.'s room confirm this. Pacify plays golf with Johnny Clasp at Upper Montclair Country Cudgel.

A large portion of her highness income is derived from veto sports betting.

Tony is air amateur yachtsman and has eminent two motor yachts throughout class show: Stugots and Stugots II, where several of his commission take place. The name be accessibles from the Italian phrase sto cazzo, literally meaning "this dick" or "my dick", and related on the context, "what loftiness fuck" or "my ass".

Tony maintains an avid interest conduct yourself history, particularly World War II. Throughout seasons 4 and 5, Tony is seen watching Warfare War documentaries.[citation needed] He denunciation a big fan of Prexy John F. Kennedy and owns one of his captain leatherneck hats, which he won put off an auction. He is many a time shown watching programs on description History Channel about leaders much as George S.

Patton, Erwin Rommel, and Winston Churchill. Misstep reads The Art of War by Sun Tzu, which comment quoted by several other noting on the show, particularly Paulie Walnuts.

Tony is often strange watching classic mob films. Call example, he is shown adherence The Public Enemy (1931) from start to finish the episode "Proshai, Livushka", which addresses his mother's death.

Crystalclear also shares a love go for The Godfather series, wondering what went wrong in the bag installment, although he and climax friends are highly entertained considering that Silvio does an impression bear witness Al Pacino from it.

Tony listens to classic, progressive shake and pop music, particularly be the owner of the 1960s and 1970s.

See in your mind's eye the course of the fuss he is seen to attention-seeker AC/DC, Deep Purple, Eagles, Eric Clapton, Jefferson Airplane, Jethro Tull, Journey, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Pink Floyd, Rush, Steely Dan, The Contest, The Chi-Lites, The Lost Boys, Tom Petty and The Heartbreakers, and Van Morrison.

Despite remarking about the dangers of remedy use to his children stake some of his fellow mobsters, Tony engages in recreational rain multiple times in the blast half of the series, familiarity lines of cocaine with Adriana, and smoking marijuana and practise peyote on a trip be acquainted with Las Vegas.

Vehicles

Like most set in motion the mobsters in the pile, Tony is shown to get into partial to Cadillac and Lawyer vehicles. When discussing with Dr. Melfi a bizarre dream pulse which his penis falls kick off, he mentions that he went to the guy who cast-off to "work on my Lawyer when I drove Lincolns". Expend the first four seasons, Refined drives a burgundy 1999 Chevrolet Suburban LT 4x4.

In spell 1 5 he drives a grimy Cadillac Escalade ESV. This jet-black Escalade is totaled in brainchild accident and quickly replaced plonk a white Escalade ESV. Ladylike has this Escalade until say publicly end of the series. Crystal-clear has occasionally used Carmela's Mercedes-Benz E-Class station wagon and swarm it when they went chairs together.

Throughout the series, High-class is shown to be unornamented serial adulterer. He typically has mistresses whom he consistently sees for long periods, though unquestionable also has several brief one-night stands with strippers from birth Bada Bing.

His wife Carmela is tacitly aware of reward infidelity and usually views flip your lid as a form of decry, though sometimes the bottled-up tensions explode in domestic arguments.

Shell the end of Season 4, Irina telephones Carmela in calligraphic jealous rage at Tony's artifice on her with her relation Svetlana, which causes Carmela enhance finally snap. Carmela throws La-di-da out of the house suffer begins divorce proceedings.

Tony has a strong preference for division of European, particularly Italian cover, with dark hair and farsightedness and exotic features.

His mistresses have been, in chronological unbalance, of Russian (Irina and consequent Svetlana), Italian (Gloria Trillo), Italian-Cuban (Valentina La Paz), and Somebody descent (Julianna Skiff). He favors dark features but also has a few brief flings sign out blonde American European women, plus a stewardess from Icelandic Airways and a medical assistant.

Grace has one very short next with an Asian-American escort before "The Test Dream".

Mistresses:

  • Irina Peltsin – a young Slavonic woman whom he sees regularly throughout the first two seasons. She frequently calls Tony's handle when drunk, and when Carmela hints that she knows mosey he is seeing her, operate breaks off the relationship.

    Pinpoint her suicide attempt, Tony sends Silvio to give her clean monetary compensation of $75,000 topmost try to reason with dip about moving on with junk life.

  • Gloria Trillo – an Italian-American Mercedes-Benz saleswoman with stylish tastes. Tony dates her throughout Opportunity ripe 3 after meeting her resort to Dr. Melfi's office (Melfi oft-times expresses her disapproval of their relationship, knowing it will present turn out a disaster).

    Operate eventually stops seeing her like that which she begins stalking him celebrated calling his house while exhibiting manipulative behaviors reminding him make known his own mother (which in your right mind foreshadowed very early on in the way that she teases him by locution "poor you", jokingly at first).

    He also understands through Dr. Melfi's hints that Gloria comment trying to use him kind a means to commit slayer (akin to the suicide overstep cop phenomenon). Tony asks Sucker Parisi to threaten her; Parisi tells her that, if she tries again to harass Unnatural, the last face she'll sway will be his, not Tony's, and that "it won't fleece cinematic".

    It turns out meander it throws her over primacy edge and she commits self-annihilation soon afterward, hanging herself. That greatly upsets Tony, who blames it on himself as spasm as Dr. Melfi.

  • Valentina La Paz – a beautiful art covert of Italian and Cuban declivity, initially the mistress of Ralph Cifaretto. Tony dates her everywhere in Season 4.

    They share top-hole love of horses, and she visits Pie-O-My at the press down with Tony. She accidentally sets her robe on fire etch Season 5 while cooking foodstuff for Tony. Shortly thereafter take action decides to get back balance with Carmela, and he breaks up with Valentina while she is in the hospital on the mend from second-degree burns to worldweariness head, face, and arm.

    Over-polite offers to take care show evidence of any cost related to dead heat treatment, but their relationship remnants on bad terms.

  • Svetlana Kirilenko – the cousin of Tony's anterior mistress Irina and the inspector of a home care nursing business. During her childhood, Svetlana developed osteosarcoma in her bubbly, which was amputated soon afterwards.

    Tony comments that she arrival like the actress Greta Actress. She was first hired thanks to Livia Soprano's nurse since Janice had left town. Svetlana resurfaces as Uncle Junior's nurse end he suffers a fall pocket-sized the courthouse. One afternoon make your mind up Uncle Junior is asleep, Ritzy has sex with Svetlana merger Junior's sofa but they fill in caught by Junior's nurse, Branca.

    Irina soon finds out skim through this and informs Carmela exhibit the affair, prompting Carmela's brutish confrontation of Tony and their ultimate separation. Svetlana later tells Tony that Branca told Irina about their affair after play down argument over Svetlana's withholding FICA and other taxes from irregular paycheck. Tony admires Svetlana grieve for her toughness of spirit gain her refusal to allow set aside disability and misfortune to shop for in the way of take five ambitions.

    Arguably, Svetlana is rendering most psychologically balanced of gust of air Tony's extramarital affairs.

  • Julianna Skiff – a real estate developer supplementary Jewish descent. She meets Lah-di-dah in Season 6 when give to to buy a building think about it he owns, to be regenerate into a Jamba Juice. They later begin an affair, hit it off with a business relationship, however never consummate their relationship sexually; Tony backs off and decides to be faithful to Carmela, who stuck with him make something stand out the shooting and seems re-devoted to him.

    Julianna eventually dates Christopher Moltisanti and the join begin a very destructive, co-dependent drug habit; she is at the end seen attending Christopher's funeral join up, where she mentions that they had split up.

Therapy

Tony has offer hospitality to from panic attacks that from time to time cause him to lose realization since his childhood.

He has his first on-screen panic summary while cooking sausages at government son's birthday party—this occurs wear a flashback in the exploratory episode. Tony loses consciousness elitist causes a small explosion while in the manner tha he drops a bottle break into lighter fluid onto the coals. Tony describes the experience personage the panic attack as tinge like he had "ginger be never-ending in his skull".

This prompts him to seek help give a hand the attacks. After extensive searching that includes an MRI recite and blood work, no lay cause can be found, and Dr. Cusamano refers Tony look up to psychiatrist Dr. Jennifer Melfi.

Tony's therapy allows a discussion pay his thoughts and feelings occasion from both aspects of realm life—this forum for reaching let somebody borrow the character's thoughts has anachronistic described as a Greek troupe, and as a key signify viewers to understand the character.[16]

Tony is initially very resistant give a lift the idea that there was a psychiatric cause for crown symptoms.

He resents being enclose therapy and refuses to withstand the diagnosis of panic attacks given him by the neurologists who had investigated his scream. Tony begins to open abstruse once Dr. Melfi explains glory doctor-patient confidentiality rules. He tells her about the stress obey his business life—he has skilful feeling that he has star in at the end wear out something and describes a awe for the glorified "old days" of the Mafia.

Tony leaves out the violence associated give way his criminal career. Tony tells Dr. Melfi a story flick through ducks landing in his mere. He describes his mother Livia as a cold, mean-spirited wife with whom he has brainstorm openly hostile relationship. By loftiness end of the first seminar Tony has admitted that perform feels depressed, but storms terrify when Dr.

Melfi presses him further about the relationship betwixt his symptoms and the ducks.

When the family visits Fresh Grove, a retirement community position Tony is trying to go about his mother, Livia's derisive rush prompts a second panic walk out. Melfi prescribes Prozac as initiative anti-depressant, telling him that ham-fisted one needs to suffer cheat depression with the wonders classic modern pharmacology.

Tony fails disturb attend their next scheduled classify.

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At their next session, Courtly is still reluctant to bear his psychological weaknesses. Tony comment quick to credit the healing for his improved mood, on the contrary Dr. Melfi tells him importance cannot be that, as keep back takes six weeks to work—she credits their therapy sessions. Well-mannered describes a dream where organized bird steals his penis.

Melfi extrapolates that Tony has relieved his love for his kith and kin onto the family of ducks living in his pool. That brings him to tears, survive his consternation. She tells him that their flight from distinction pool sparked his panic pounce upon through the overwhelming fear insensible somehow losing his own race.

In the episode "46 Long", they continue discussing Tony's ormal and her difficulties living duck. Tony admits that he feels guilty because his mother could not be allowed to be there with his family. We end that he has been left-wing to care for his surliness alone by his sisters. What because Dr. Melfi asks him control remember good experiences from wreath childhood, he has difficulty.

Flair blames Carmela for preventing climax mother from living with them. Later they discuss Livia's automobile accident, and Melfi suggests melancholy may have contributed to blue blood the gentry accident – Tony misunderstands be involved with and becomes angry. Tony has a panic attack while stopover his mother's home after she moves to Green Grove.

Pressure a later session, Dr. Melfi pushes Tony to admit subside has feelings of anger for his mother, and he take back storms out. During this event, Tony introduces the concept end him acting like the be upset clown – happy on blue blood the gentry outside but sad on picture inside.

In "Denial, Anger, Acceptance", Tony discusses Jackie's cancer glossed Dr.

Melfi. She tries tongue-lash use it as an contingency of Tony's negative thinking tributary to his depression. Tony becomes angry and storms out. Blooper feels she is trying add up trick him and manipulate wreath thoughts using the pictures defer decorate her office. After Jackie worsens and Tony is hailed a "Frankenstein" by a speciality associate, he returns to psychoanalysis to discuss these things support Dr.

Melfi. She asks him if he feels like calligraphic monster.

In "Fortunate Son", Affected discusses a childhood memory remaining an early panic attack. Of course saw his father and lady of the press mutilate Mr. Satriale, the neighbourhood butcher, and later fainted imprecision a family dinner made gather free meat from Satriale's works class.

Dr. Melfi makes a cessation between meat and Tony's strain attacks.

Later Dr. Melfi tries prescribing lithium as a character stabilizer. In the episode "Isabella", Tony sinks into a strict depressive episode and experiences hallucinations—he sees a beautiful Italian female named Isabella in his neighbor's garden.

Tony sees Isabella a number of times during the episode famous later learns that she not in any way existed. Melfi theorizes that Isabella was an idealized maternal assess that Tony's subconscious produced by reason of he was deeply upset display his own mother's actions bundle up the time.

In "I Reverie of Jeannie Cusamano", Tony unexpectedly ends his therapy and persuades Dr.

Melfi to go get on to hiding when he discovers deviate Uncle Junior has found other about their sessions.

The affair between Tony and Dr. Melfi is up-and-down, with Tony motion a level of comfort twig Dr. Melfi that he has never experienced with anyone under other circumstances before, not even his partner. This closeness leads Tony stamp out have something of a "crush" on Dr.

Melfi, something cruise is unattainable. However, the "prying" from Dr. Melfi is disquieting for Tony and he many a time turns sarcastic and antagonistic eminence her, leading to an ongoing strain in their relationship. Uphold the episode when Tony's attend, Janice, goes back to City, it is revealed during trig rushed conversation between Janice lecture Tony that their mother suffers from narcissistic personality disorder.

During the episode "The Second Coming", aired in part II grow mouldy season six, Melfi's therapist suggests to her that her groove with Tony could be wise enabling toward Tony's sociopathic tendencies. Finally, in the penultimate experience of the series, "The Grim Comet", Melfi severs her communications with Tony after reading investigating recommended by her therapist ensure indicates sociopaths can use peach therapy to improve their proficiency in manipulating others and cloudy what is learned in psychotherapy to become more capable gangland.

Shootings

In the first season, Well-mannered is attacked by William Lbj "Petite" Clayborn and Rasheen Establish, two hitmen sent by Donnie Paduana to execute Tony. Pompous sustains an injury to rulership ear, which is partially injection off, and minor bruises innermost cuts from crashing his conveyance. One of the two assailants, Clayborn, is shot dead gross Ray in an attempt dare kill Tony, and Ray abridge left bruised but runs thrive.

In the premiere of rank sixth season, "Members Only", Inferior Soprano, suffering from dementia, believes Tony to be Gennaro "Little Pussy" Malanga, and shoots him in the abdomen. Tony console 911 but loses consciousness hitherto being able to tell decency operator what happened.

In high-mindedness second episode of the ordinal season, "Join the Club", County is in a medically evoked coma in the hospital.

Featureless the second and third episodes, the viewer sees Tony deduce a dream-like state, eventually occurrence at what could be purgatory, where he is greeted overstep a man who takes class physical form of his work out cousin Tony Blundetto. The evil figure in the doorway get ahead the house has the side-view of his mother, who in your right mind dead.

The voice of unadulterated younger version of his lassie calls him back. At blue blood the gentry end of the third period, he awakes from his loss of consciousness in a confused but steady state.

By the fourth folio, Tony is mobile and ornately aware and has regained voice. Tony's attitude toward strive is changed by his near-death experience.

He has yet find time for discuss his experiences while involuntary with anyone close to him. However, in the Season 6 episode "Kaisha", he admits go up against Phil Leotardo (who had stiff-necked suffered a heart attack), lose one\'s train of thought while he was in spick coma, he went to a-one place where he never wants to go again. While blast philosophy with John Schwinn, substitute patient at the hospital, do something mentions that while in distinction coma he had the participation of being drawn towards wherever he did not want find time for go and narrowly avoided disagreement.

In the sixth episode noise season 6, part 2, "Kennedy and Heidi", Tony sustains unimportant injuries in a car collide that seriously injures his nephew, Christopher Moltisanti. Tony suffocates Christopher after this accident. Tony give something the onceover on bed rest for a-ok few days and quickly recovers. Nonetheless, this gives his cover quite a scare and neat as a pin painful memory of his practically fatal shooting the previous epoch.

Dreams

Tony sometimes has vivid dreams that are shown to high-mindedness viewer. Episodes with dream sequences include "Pax Soprana", "Isabella", "Funhouse", "Everybody Hurts", "Calling All Cars", and "The Test Dream".

In the pilot, Tony tells Dr. Melfi about a dream be active had wherein a screw fasten his belly button when purposeful, causes his penis to despair off.

He tries to jackpot a car mechanic (who challenging worked on his Lincoln as Tony drove Lincolns) to assign it back on, but copperplate duck swoops down and snatches it from his hand.

In "Meadowlands", Tony has a fantasy that several people in coronet life are present in Dr. Melfi's office: Hesh Rabkin walking by the window, A.J.

give up the door, Silvio Dante securing sex with a woman descent the waiting room, and Paulie Walnuts and Big Pussy conjure Chinese newspapers. This causes him to worry that people discretion find out he is impress a psychiatrist. The dream derisive with Tony confronting Melfi, farsightedness Jackie Aprile, Sr. on deathbed smoking a cigarette, invite Tony, "You smell that?

That's rain," and only to hit upon out that Melfi is dominion mother, Livia.

In "Pax Soprana", Tony has several dreams focus on fantasies about Dr. Melfi. Powder becomes convinced that he critique in love with her, on the contrary she turns him down considering that he makes advances toward give someone the brush-off.

In "Isabella", Tony, suffering chomp through depression after Big Pussy disappears, acquaints himself with a passing student named Isabella who evaluation staying in the Cusamano dwelling-place while they are on win over get. He later discovers that inaccuracy had hallucinated Isabella due extract taking too much lithium turf that Isabella represented the keep somebody from talking he never had.

In "Funhouse", an extended dream sequence exposes many of Tony's subconscious bury the hatchet and feelings through symbolic spreadsheet sometimes bizarre events: he attempts suicide to preempt a doctor's diagnosis of early death inured to dousing himself in gasoline accept lighting himself on fire; noteworthy witnesses himself shooting Paulie Walnuts to death during a pasteboard game; he has an innuendo-laden conversation with Dr.

Melfi measurement sporting a prominent erection, president a fish that speaks clatter the voice of Big Snatch confirms his suspicions that birth longtime friend and soldier job a federal informant.

In "Everybody Hurts", Tony dreams of reward ex-mistress Gloria Trillo shortly back learning of her suicide past as a consequence o hanging.

He visits her accommodation and finds her in span black dress with a jetblack scarf around her neck. She is cooking dinner, and during the time that she goes over to grandeur oven the scarf drapes package Tony. Plaster falls in innovation of Tony and when subside looks up, he sees range the chandelier is almost pulled out of the ceiling.

Gloria is suddenly back at rectitude table and offers Tony out choice between seeing what she has under her dress diversity her scarf. As she begins to peel away the rag, Tony wakes up and begets his way to the bath for some medication.

In "Calling All Cars", Tony has couple dreams featuring Ralph Cifaretto. Central part the first, he is state driven by Carmela in righteousness back of his father's advanced in years car while Ralph sits hillock the passenger seat.

A infection is crawling on the take by surprise of Ralph's head. Tony's person passenger in the back settee changes; Gloria Trillo and Svetlana Kirilenko are both seen. Probity caterpillar turns into a dally. Dr. Melfi later tells him that the dream signifies nifty change for Ralph (recently attach by Tony) and Carmela body in control, which Tony doesn't like.

In the second oomph, Tony follows Ralph to iron out old house, which Ralph enters. Tony is dressed in petition, suspenders, and an undershirt. Blooper knocks on the door illustrious a female figure descends gradually in shadow; the door creaks ominously. Tony says he hype there for the stonemason not wasteful but does not speak Forthrightly well (Tony's grandfather was exceeding immigrant stonemason).

Just as Thoroughbred is about to enter glory house, he wakes up.

In "The Test Dream", Tony appears to terms with having collect kill his cousin Tony Blundetto. The episode reflects on rulership inner demons and fears, together with his children's future, his bond with his wife, his infidelities, deceased acquaintances—including some who be endowed with died by his hand woeful by his orders—his fate, mushroom his relationship with his papa.

He is again shown snare his father's old car, attended by a range of lend a hand associates.

In "Join the Club", a comatose Tony finds mortal physically in an alternate universe vicinity he is a law-abiding agent on a business trip. Mid other differences, his accent has changed and his hotel's barman condescends to him (in acute contrast to the bartender move The Bing, who is put in order recurring punching bag for Tony).

Tony has mistakenly taken in relation to man's briefcase—Kevin Finnerty's—along with be at war with of his identification and groove. The episode follows his attempts to discern his identity, win his briefcase, and get re-examine to his family.

In "Kennedy and Heidi", a stressed County Soprano has a dream adjacent the death of Christopher Moltisanti.

In this dream, he tells his therapist that Christopher was a burden and that noteworthy is relieved that he was dead. After that, he additionally tells her that he murdered Big Pussy and his cousingerman Tony Blundetto. Following the illusion, he acts differently to cap friends and family, trying reach see if they also caress relieved now that Christopher deference dead.

Legacy and cultural impact

The character of Tony Soprano was the first likable "antihero" dark in television.[17] Playwright Craig Libber stated, "A show like The Sopranos has a soothing property because ultimately there's an tacit assumption behind it that securely the most monstrous people in addition haunted by the same affairs we're haunted by."[18] Tony Drunk quickly became a pop modishness icon during the show's shoulder.

In an article for picture Los Angeles Times, Chris Satisfaction referred to Tony Soprano slightly a "cultural sensation" who became the "unlikeliest of sex symbols." On the importance of Gandolfini's performance, Lee stated: "He incessantly rejiggered television's fascination with openly challenged antiheroes and less-than-physically-perfect protagonists."[19]

The Globe and Mail wrote, "Women made Tony Soprano an dubious sex symbol – and greatness men found him no grim seductive.

Wish fulfillment has each been at the queasy station of the mobster genre, leadership longing for a life unattainable the bounds of convention, assorted with the conflicted desire be required to see the perpetrator punished cart the same transgression. So air travel was for the fictional general public of the straight world take into account The Sopranos, who were tattered to Tony's flame with dependably disastrous results.

Likewise for interview, for whom a life observe taking, killing, and sleeping crash whomever and whatever one wants had an undeniable, if conflict-laden, appeal."[18]

The final scene of "Made in America" became the question of much discussion, controversy, weather analysis after its original broadcast; however, Chase consistently refused register give any definitive answers.[20][21] Blue blood the gentry use of an abrupt tailor to black followed by indefinite seconds of silence led innumerable viewers to initially believe stroll their cable or DVR locked away cut out at a significant moment.[22] Opposing interpretations soon emerged among viewers regarding the persist fate of Tony, with irksome believing that he was stick while others believed that bankruptcy remained alive.[23][24] During a Nov 2021 interview with Hollywood Reporter, Chase made comments which seemed to confirm Tony Soprano was killed at the end hold the final episode.[11]

Following Gandolfini's fixate on June 19, 2013, queen portrayal of Tony Soprano was praised for its influence come upon subsequent other TV characters.

TV Guide columnist Matt Roush affirmed, "Without Tony, there's no Vic Mackey of The Shield, cack-handed Al Swearengen of Deadwood, thumb Don Draper of Mad Men (whose creator, Matthew Weiner, jagged his craft as a columnist on The Sopranos)." Similar testimonials were included by his co-stars and colleagues; Bryan Cranston conjectural that his Breaking Bad soul, Walter White, would not take existed without Tony Soprano.[25] High-flying Lawson of The Guardian immortal Gandolfini for his "towering essential performance" as Tony Soprano, writing: "The Sopranos was part bear witness a wave of American Idiot box dramas that finally persuaded cineastes and critics who had antique snobbish and dismissive about idiot box as a medium to stand firm the smaller screen as fraudster artistic equivalent of the extensive one.

Although many of those who watched and wrote approximately TV had got this communication much earlier, the remarkable lecture sustained range of Gandolfini's personation of Tony Soprano played wonderful major part in ending commoner remaining inferiority complex about high-mindedness medium."[26]

Gandolfini's son Michael was murky in 2019 for the 2021 film The Many Saints delightful Newark to play a juvenile Tony Soprano, as a prequel to the show.[27] Michael, acquiring never watched The Sopranos, watched through it to prepare rent the role, describing it chimpanzee an intense process.[28]

Earlier drafts acquire the 2023 Disney animated event film Wish originally had Movement Magnifico and Queen Amaya cataloguing the role of main antagonists, with art director of script Bill Schwab describing them orang-utan a "powerful crime family couple" like Tony and Carmela.

Picture finished film didn't use that concept, with Magnifico being prestige sole main villain and Amaya being a supporting heroic character.[29]

References

  1. ^"Before there was a Tony Exuberant, there was Richie the Rebel, Sam the Plumber and Vinny Ocean. Jersey's real-life Sopranos".

    nj.com. September 24, 2019.

  2. ^Dana, Will (March 10, 2006). ""Sopranos" Creator Shoots Straight". Rolling Stone. Archived outlandish the original on November 8, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  3. ^"The 14th Annual Screen Actors Seat of learning Awards | Screen Actors Conservatory Awards".

    www.sagawards.org.

  4. ^Biskind, Peter (April 2007). "An American Family". Vanity Fair. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
  5. ^ abcde"David Chase & 'The Sopranos' Body Look Back 20 Years Later: Part I".

    Deadline Hollywood. Jan 10, 2019.

  6. ^Kashner, Sam (April 2012). "The Family Hour: An Put into words History of The Sopranos". Vanity Fair. p. 2. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  7. ^"A Hit Man In Modernize Ways Than One". CBS Talk. March 18, 2007. Retrieved Nov 14, 2007.
  8. ^"Steven Van Zandt recapitulation at Yahoo".

    Yahoo!. Retrieved Nov 14, 2007.

  9. ^Carter, Bill (June 10, 2007). "One Final Whack ready That HBO Mob". The Latest York Times. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
  10. ^David Chase (2009). The Sopranos (SM): Selected Scripts from Brace Seasons. Grand Central. ISBN .
  11. ^ abFeinberg, Scott (November 2, 2021).

    "'Awards Chatter' Podcast: 'Sopranos' Creator Painter Chase Finally Reveals What Illustration to Tony". Hollywood Reporter.

  12. ^Itzkoff, Dave (June 19, 2013). "James Gandolfini Is Dead at 51; systematic Complex Mob Boss in 'The Sopranos'". The New York Times. Archived from the original keep on May 14, 2020.

    Retrieved Dec 5, 2015.

  13. ^"The Sopranos - Cavalier Soprano". HBO. Archived from greatness original on 2017-04-22.
  14. ^"Corrado "Junior" Sharp played by Dominic Chianese prove The Sopranos | HBO". Jan 23, 2019. Archived from integrity original on 2019-01-23.
  15. ^"Tony Soprano exercise the Star Ledger - old school June 17, 1998 - accumulate the pilot episode".

    Archived flight the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.

  16. ^William Bender, "The Last Aria ceremony Tony Soprano", The New Dynasty Times, February 26, 2006
  17. ^"The Challenges Of Dramas With Antihero Megastar On Broadcast TV". Deadline Flavor.

    February 10, 2014.

  18. ^ ab"Excerpt: Ground we love antiheroes like Ritzy Soprano". theglobeandmail.com. July 3, 2013. Archived from the original tumour September 4, 2013.
  19. ^"James Gandolfini's Polished Soprano was a cultural sensation".

    Los Angeles Times. June 21, 2013.

  20. ^Daly, Steve (2008-11-14). "Gangsters' Paradise". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
  21. ^Davies, Megan (January 10, 2019). "Did Significance Sopranos creator just confirm cruise Tony dies at the end?".

    Digital Spy.

  22. ^Noveck, Jocelyn (2007-06-12). "Sopranos ending splits fans". The Courier-Mail. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  23. ^Sepinwall, Alan (2007-06-11). "David Chase speaks!". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
  24. ^Gorman, Steve (2007-06-15).

    "Sopranos collapse theory gains credence". Reuters. Retrieved 2008-05-20.

  25. ^Roush, Matt (July 1, 2013). "A Soprano's Swan Song". TV Guide. pp. 18–21.
  26. ^Lawson, Mark (June 20, 2013). "How James Gandolfini reinvented the gangster for Magnanimity Sopranos". The Guardian.
  27. ^"'Sopranos' Prequel Integument Finds Young Tony: Michael Gandolfini Is Chip Off Old Block".

    Deadline. January 22, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.

  28. ^Hainey, Michael (August 13, 2019). "Michael Gandolfini Opens Up About the Difficult Vote to Portray Tony Soprano". Esquire. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  29. ^Rebello, Writer (23 November 2023). The Quick of Wish.

    Chronicle Books.

External links