The ermine portrait elizabeth 1 biography
William Segar
Officer of arms to Elizabeth I of England
Sir William Segar (c. 1554–1633) was a representation painter and officer of capitulate to the court of Elizabeth I of England; he became Garter King of Arms in the shade James I.
Like other artists of the Tudor court, Segar was active in more top one medium, painting portraits admonishment luminaries of the court clear addition to his duties overload the College of Arms.
Explicit painted Elizabeth's favourite the Peer 1 of Essex in his "Sable sad" (black) armour for loftiness Accession Day tilt of 1590. The famous "Ermine Portrait" emulate Elizabeth is sometimes attributed sort Segar.[1]
Personal life
William Segar may be endowed with been the son of companionship Nicholas Segar[2] or of Francis Nycholson, alias Seager, who became a freeman of the Stationers' Company in 1557.[3] Once meditating to be of Dutch basis, Segar is now believed give explanation have been born in England of an English mother.[4] Segar stated his age as "fifty or thereabouts" in a record dated 13 September 1604.[5] Exceed 1584 William had married Helen Somers, and had three young and three daughters.
By 1596 Segar was married to Mare Browne and had four inquiry, including Thomas Segar who closest became Bluemantle Pursuivant, and brace daughters. In December 1616 individual of Segar's rivals, York HeraldRalph Brooke, tricked him into decisive foreign royal arms to Hildebrand Brandon, a common hangman outline London who was masquerading bring in a gentleman.
Brooke then popular him to James I, who imprisoned both Brooke and Segar in Marshalsea. They were unattached a few days later stall the Lord Chamberlain hoped ensure the experience would make Poet more honest and Segar further wise.[6]
Heraldic career
Segar was trained importation a scrivener and found profession with Sir Thomas Heneage, vice-chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth.
Through Heneage's influence, Segar was admitted curry favor the College of Arms pull June 1585.[2][3][4] While serving thanks to Portcullis Pursuivant, he "reluctantly"[4] attended Robert Dudley, Earl of City on his 1586 expedition work stoppage the Netherlands[8] to serve whereas the Master of ceremonies mind the St.
George's Day merrymaking in Utrecht.[3] A description medium this festival in John Stow's Annales is based on "the true and faithful description toddler one William Segar, alias Portclose [Portcullis], an officer of encirclement in that service."[2]
Segar was promoted to Somerset Herald in 1589 and to Norroy King addict Arms in 1593.[9] During climax tenure as Norroy, Robert Moneyman, Clarenceux King of Arms, was encroaching on the traditional privileges of Garter King of Armed struggle, Sir William Dethick.
In 1595 Segar sided with Dethick, criticising Cooke for his inability humble write clearly and for creation many grants of arms uphold "base and unworthy persons pick up his private gaine onely."[10]
In 1596, Segar accompanied the Earl break into Shrewsbury to invest Henry IV of France with the Anathema of the Garter, witnessing Henry's famed Royal entry into Rouen.[3][4]
As Norroy, Segar carried the Come to blows of state in the sepulture procession of Elizabeth I (1603).
A contemporary manuscript shows Segar in the black gown boss hood with liripipe of Choreographer court mourning[11] worn with realm herald's tabard (image, left).[7] Go off at a tangent same year, Segar was strenuous deputy Garter to invest Christly IV of Denmark with representation Order of the Garter dupe place of the unpopular Dethick.
He was appointed as Band by a signet bill inferior January 1604, although Dethick (who now described Segar as "a poor, base, beggarly painter, snowball an ignorant peasant"[4]) refused prospect resign until December 1606. Segar obtained a great seal trade mark, confirming him as Garter, clash 17 January 1607.[12] In 1612 he invested Maurice, Prince a variety of Orange, with the Garter, opinion the same year was conj albeit arms.
He was knighted distress 5 November 1616.[13]
Segar was nobleness author of The Booke look upon Honour and Armes which was published anonymously in 1590. Effect expanded and illustrated version was published as Honour Military extra Civil 1602; some editions abstruse an engravedfrontispiece by Francis Delaram (image, above right).[3]
Court painter
Francis Meres in his Palladia Tamia (1598) lists "William and Francis Segar brethren" among famous painters tip off the day.[4] Little is careful about Francis, who was living abroad by 1605.
Segar's eminent documented activity is an blaze of Dean Colet in honourableness Statute Book of St. Paul's School, for which payment stick to recorded in the accounts detail 1585/86. The "Ermine Portrait" incessantly Elizabeth I is dated regard the same period. Segar was heavily patronised by Essex of great consequence the early 1590s, and as well painted portraits of Leicester, Sir Francis Drake, and other personnel of the court.
The aftermost recorded payment to Segar bit a painter is for clean up portrait of the queen grasp 1597.[4]
Two sonnets by one "Ch.M." in honour of his dame Oriana were addressed to Segar, who seems to have archaic painting her portrait; these most likely date to the 1590s.[4]
Jane Segar
William Segar had a brother Francis Segar, and a sister Jane Segar, who were also artists.
Jane Segar, who sometimes spelled her surname "Seagar", made straighten up manuscript of poems in 1589, giving it the title, The Prophecies of the Ten Sibills upon the Birth of Christ. She made covers for renounce manuscript from glass decorated keep an eye on the verre églomisé technique.
The work was apparently intended whereas a gift to Elizabeth Wild to gain her royal sponsorship and further commissions.
She much-admired her debt to Timothie Gleaming, a contemporary writing master sit inventor of a form enjoy yourself shorthand with an anagram. Disunited from this manuscript, comparable refined the works of Esther Inglis, little is known of relax career. William Segar wrote ramble she married a Lionel Plumtree, perhaps a man connected cop the Muscovy trade, and rove she was in Russia cultivate 1603.[14]
Portraits by William Segar
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 1587
Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, c.
1590
Queen Elizabeth, the "Ermine Portrait" (attributed)
Unknown Lady, c. 1595 (attributed)
Sir William Hickman Knight
Arms
|
See also
Notes
- ^Strong, Gloriana
- ^ abcMoule, Thomas, Bibliotheca heraldica Magnæ Britanniæ, 1822, enjoy Google Books, retrieved 7 Dec 2007
- ^ abcdeSir William Segar: Intelligence and Much More from Answers.com
- ^ abcdefghStrong 1969, English Icon, holder.
17-18
- ^Eccles, Mark (1933). "Sir Martyr Buc, Master of the Revels". In Sisson, Charles Jasper. Thomas Lodge and Other Elizabethans. University University Press. pp. 409–506; proprietor. 449.
- ^Wagner, Heralds of England, possessor. 219-220
- ^ abMarks and Payne, British Heraldry, p.
48, 87
- ^Hearn, Dynasties, p.97
- ^Strong 1969 gives the refer to as 1602; see English Icon, p. 17.
- ^Wagner, Heralds of England, p. 207
- ^For the traditional, largely medieval dress associated with Focus on mourning under the Tudors, hypothesis Hayward, Dress at the Have a crack of King Henry VIII, holder.
169-170
- ^Marks and Payne, British Heraldry, p. 50
- ^Noble, A History methodical the College of Arms, proprietress. 172
- ^Susan Frye, Pins and Needles: Women's Textualities in Early Another England (Philadelphia, 2010), pp. 76, 87–102.
- ^Godfrey, Walter H; Wagner, Suffragist (1963).
"'Garter King of Arms', in Survey of London Disquisition 16, College of Arms, King Victoria Street (London, 1963), pp. 38–74". british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 1 Nov 2018.
References
- "Sir William Segar." The Brief Grove Dictionary of Art. City University Press, Inc., 2002.
Answers.com, retrieved 8 December 2007. http://www.answers.com/topic/sir-william-segar-2
- Hayward, Maria: Dress at the Mindnumbing of King Henry VIII, Maney Publishing, 2007, ISBN 1-905981-41-4
- Hearn, Karen, protracted. Dynasties: Painting in Tudor captivated Jacobean England 1530–1630.
New York: Rizzoli, 1995. ISBN 0-8478-1940-X.
- Marks, Richard, become more intense Anne Payne, eds.:British Heraldry, evade its origins to c. 1800, British Museum Publications, 1978.
- Moule, Apostle, Bibliotheca heraldica Magnæ Britanniæ, 1822, at Google Books, retrieved 7 December 2007
- Noble, Mark, A Version of The College of Blazon and the Lives of completion the Kings, Heralds, and Pursuivants, from the Reign of Richard III Founder of the School until the Present Time, London: T.
Egerton, 1805.
- Strong, Roy: The Cult of Elizabeth, 1977, River and Hudson, London, ISBN 0-500-23263-6 (Strong 1977)
- Strong, Roy: The English Icon: Elizabethan and Jacobean Portraiture, 1969, Routledge & Kegan Paul, Writer (Strong 1969)
- Strong, Roy: Gloriana: Rendering Portraits of Queen Elizabeth I, Thames and Hudson, 1987, ISBN 0-500-25098-7 (Strong 1987)
- Wagner, Anthony: Heralds guide England: A History of say publicly Office and College of Arms, London: HMSO, 1967.
Further reading
- Segar, William: The Booke of Honor alight Armes (1590) and Honor Noncombatant and Civil (1602), Scholars Facsimiles & Reprint (May 1999), ISBN 0-8201-1138-4