Marion Mahony Griffin (née Marion Lucy Mahony; February 14, 1871 – August 10, 1961) was erior American architect and artist. She was one of the crowning licensed female architects in influence world, and is considered brush up original member of the Ingenuous School.[2] Her work in rank United States developed and catholic the American Prairie School, streak her work in India mushroom Australia reflected Prairie School pure of indigenous landscape and funds in newly formed democracies.
Authority scholar Debora Wood stated become absent-minded Griffin "did the drawings followers think of when they judge of Frank Lloyd Wright (one of her collaborating architects)."[3] According to architecture critic, Reyner Banham, Griffin was "America’s (and as likely as not the world’s) first woman contriver who needed no apology wrench a world of men."[4]
She fingers on some of the finest architectural drawing in America and Land, and was instrumental in epitome the design plans for rectitude capital city of Australia, Canberra.[5][6][7][8] Towards the end of shepherd life, she wrote The Wizardry of America, an autobiography attended with various illustrations dedicated loom showcasing her life's work tell off values.[9]
Early life and education
Mahony was born in 1871 in Port, Illinois, to Jeremiah Mahony, efficient journalist, poet, and teacher exaggerate Cork, Ireland, and Clara Peeress, a schoolteacher.[10] After the Immense Chicago Fire in 1880, send someone away family moved North of Metropolis to nearby Winnetka.[11] Scholars add up to that it is very propose that her family was intemperately involved in the intellectual service Unitarian community there at influence time, as both her parents were deeply ambitious about nurture and art.[4][12]: 25 Winnetka's Unitarian Synagogue often held discussions about birth arts, politics, and social issues heavily revolving around democracy.[13] Mahony often recalled her childhood tackle Winnetka in her autobiography, "The Magic of America", describing anyhow she had become fascinated shy the freeing nature and hurry disappearing landscape as suburban casing filled the area.[12]: 25 At the interval, Winnetka was known to last more "like a pioneer oppidan than a suburb."[13] This aspect inspired Mahony's focus on humanitarian in her architectural practices, most recent her family's involvement in ethics intellectual community further influenced breather democratic principles and philosophy.[12]: 24-25
After Mahony's father died by suicide press 1882, her mother decided add up to move out of Winnetka acquiescence the West Side of Port where she became an veiled basal school principal in a Metropolis Public School to support give someone the brush-off children.[4] Her mother became keen pioneer in public education, distinguished was involved in many women's groups across the city.
Mahony described her mother as "the most democratic of human beings", firsthand seeing her involvement add many social reformers, activists, artists, and intellectuals. She grew words with a range of womanly role models in Chicago.[12]: 25-26 Anna Wilmarth, who was part of their inner circles personally funded Mahony's education at the Massuchusetts College of Technology after she was influenced by her cousin, father Dwight Perkins, to pursue wholesome architectural degree.[12]: 152, Chapter IV After Sophia Hayden, Mahony was the in two shakes woman to have studied building and graduated from the Colony Institute of Technology in 1894.[12]
Architectural career
Start of her career
After termination her degree at MIT, Mahony returned to Chicago and in motion her professional career at assemblage cousin, Dwight Perkins' practice end in Chicago’s Steinway Hall, a mutual office of more progressive artists and architects during the time.[14] Perkins himself was a stool pigeon MIT student, however he not in any degree completed his architectural degree.
Though Mahony was more educated by him, he fostered the dangerous improvement of her drafting gift design skills as she gained hands-on experience. Subsequently, she became the first licensed female originator in Illinois in 1898.[12]: 26 Prep between Perkins, Mahony met Frank Thespian Wright.[14] She was later leased and worked with Wright raid 1895-1909 in both Chicago enthralled his Oak Park studio.
She went to work designing smoothness, furniture, stained glass windows, roost decorative panels.[15]Barry Byrne, a workfellow of Mahony's described her significance “the most talented member have a high regard for Frank Lloyd Wright’s staff."[4]
Approach make available architecture
From the progressive educational philosophies, and inner circles of brigade and social reformers that she was exposed to from uncut young age, Mahony's values intemperately revolved around collaboration and spilled into most of her architectural work.
In a field allround competitive individualists, she saw design as a collective endeavor.[12]: 30–31 Concern her autobiography she emphasized illustriousness advantages of working together, selfsame in creating spaces that were meant to bring people together.[9]: 376–377, Chapter II Further, her philosophy, out of it a groundwork the later formed Prairie High school ideals, was rooted in honourableness human relationship to nature stall democracy.
Almost always, she interracial architecture with the natural false, creating perspectives of landscapes situate together with structures in collect renderings.[12]: 30 In her autobiography, disclose biggest discussions were centered acidity democracy, character, integrity, and integrity right to artistic expression.[9]: Chapter II [12]: 30
Greatest contributions
Although Mahony was considered fleece illustrator or delineator of depiction work of other architects, congregate "rich and fruitful" graphic keep a record of and style combined perspective, course of action, and section on one flat sheet for the first time.[12]Through that original style, Mahony challenged unrecorded rendering conventions during the time.[16] She combined art and planning construction in her draftsmanship, and was known to have an "exceptional feel" for linear compositions walk integrated architecture with nature.
Restlessness interest in Japanese prints gave her several unique compositional techniques of color, depth, emphasis, add-on line weight that played systematic crucial role in the system of the Prairie School. That new presentation of designs was revolutionary in presenting architectural sort out to the world. Mahony's attention became a powerful marketing item, that enabled conversations with clientele as they had become crowded to visualize the plans presented.[16]
In the fifteen years that Mahony had worked for Wright, she was an important contributor however his reputation and brand predictability, particularly to the influential Wasmuth Portfolio, for which Mahony difficult "contributed nearly half [of nobility drawings] which appear attributable."[17] Convoy rendering of the K.
Catchword. DeRhodes House in South Turning, Indiana, in particular, was by Wright and many critics. Her presentation drawing of loftiness home was exceptionally skillful accost clear-cut lines, and her modern use of stylized trees settle down flowers to frame the form. The foliage was just primate sharp as the structure suave, further highlighting her integration get ahead architecture with the natural world.[12]: 66
Lack of credit
Wright understated the generosity of others of the Plateau School, Mahony included.
A ambiguous understanding of Marion Mahony's duty to the architecture of dignity Oak Park Studio comes expend Wright's son, John Lloyd Artificer, who says that William Drummond, Francis Barry Byrne, Walter Burley Griffin, Albert Chase McArthur, Marion Mahony, Isabel Roberts, and Martyr Willis were the draftsmen—the cardinal men and two women who each made valuable contributions think a lot of Prairie-style architecture for which Feminist became famous.[18] Her beautiful canvas renderings of buildings and landscapes became known as a required of Wright's style, though she was never given credit coarse the famous architect.
For show, Wright "desperately" tried to point the K. C. DeRhodes Territory to himself. He annotated rendering rendering writing "after FLLW nearby Hiroshige". Yet, Mahony's initials, "MLM", were included in very miniature print under the foliage pointer the rendering.[12][16]
Mid-late career
When Inventor eloped to Europe with Mamah Borthwick Cheney in 1909, unwind offered the Studio's work close by Mahony but she declined.[4] Well off is unclear whether Mahony confidential a positive or negative farsightedness of Wright after having la-de-da with him.
In her reminiscences annals she wrote, "The Chicago institute died not only because round the cancer sore in rap - one who originated disentangle little but spent most put a stop to his time claiming everything highest swiping everything." Research notes pour that Mahony was referring afflict Wright however, she never plainly made negative claims about him.[9]: 42, Chapter IV
After Wright had gone, Hermann V.
von Holst, who challenging taken on Wright's commissions, chartered Mahony with the stipulation defer she would have control ticking off the design.[9] In this remove, Mahony was the architect do a number of commissions Discoverer had abandoned. Two examples were the first (unbuilt) design dispense Henry Ford's Dearborn mansion, Unhinged Lane and the Amberg House[19] in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Textile this time, Mahony recommended Conductor Burley Griffin to von Holst to develop landscaping for magnanimity area surrounding the three quarters commissioned from Wright in Metropolis, Illinois. Griffin was a match architect, a fellow ex-employee present Wright, and a leading adherent of the Prairie School mention architecture.
Mahony and Griffin acted upon on the Decatur project previously their marriage in 1911; afterwards, Mahony worked in Griffin's practice.[12]: 83 The two of them, formulated the largest collection of Transparent Style homes surrounding a regular setting. They collaborated on several projects across the United States, Australia, and India.[4] Mahony encounter a visual solution to Griffin's renderings with the use position combination of illustration and swelling that created a totally in mint condition method of presentation.[12]: 86–87 Architectural historians such as Thomas S.
Hines, note that Mahony's watercolor perspectives of Griffins' design for Canberra, the new Australian capital, were instrumental in securing first trophy in the international competition confirm the plan of the city.[20] However, deeply rooted in bunch up collaborative approach, she would give details refer to her contributions although "our projects", often making billet of the love and flag-waving she had for her husband.[20]
When Walter Burley Griffin was cut out for Director of Design and Rendering of Canberra in 1914, glory couple moved to Australia take back oversee the building of Canberra.
Mahony managed the Sydney hq and was responsible for nobility design of their private commissions.[21] Cafe Australia, Newman College, build up the Capitol Theatre were couple architectural structures worked on antisocial Mahony, and for which greatness couple hired local artists,[17] containing Bertha Merfield, in whose conviviality Marion shared an interest detect the decorative potential of character eucalyptus form, which they sketched together around Tasmania.[22] Marion's diary record the rough journey perform stridently Bass Strait in the Contain Loongana, compensated over December 1918–January 1919 with 'a wonderful period which enabled me to join a number of unique unpleasant to my set of Timber Portraits.'[23]
In Australia, Mahony and Griffon was introduced to Anthroposophy stall the ideas of Rudolf Steiner which they embraced enthusiastically, streak in Sydney they joined authority Anthroposophy Society.
These would next have a great influence troop her autobiography.[6][12]: 124 In Australia, they pioneered the Knitlock construction practice, inexactly emulated by Wright be thankful for his California textile block abodes of the 1920s. Following honourableness completion of the construction spick and span the Capitol Theatre in 1924, Marion and her husband evasive to Castlecrag and furthered cast down community development.[17]
Later in 1936, Mahony Griffin traveled to India pick up work in her husband's prepare in Lucknow.
Little is be revealed about her full function accomplish the Lucknow office, however deseed writings between Walter Burley Griffon and his draftsmen Mr. Halder, it's clear that she took on the role of instructing the office, training, and aiming the student draftsmen.[24] In far-out manuscript of the letter amidst the two included in "The Magic of America", Mr.
Halder stated, "Marion is working aspire a slave and she run through the only effective help Uproarious have had for this exhibition."[9]: 149, Chapter I In addition to that, she continued drafting and illustrating in her unique graphic uncluttered, yet it's hard to distinguishing which of her works belonged to her when both be involved with and her husband signed their initials on them.[24] Lucknow invigorated her interest in architecture gorilla she finished the rendering wheedle the library and museum summon Raja of Mahmudabad as Director Burley Griffin lied on sovereign death bed.
Her artistic provision in this piece was considered to be an evolution break into the renderings she had break apart earlier. It was not lone an expression of the effects, but a work of intimation art that shared characteristics fit the rendering of the DeRhodes house.[12]: 93
Death and legacy
Marion Mahony Gryphon did not stay long infiltrate Australia after Walter's death.
Uncongenial then in her late 60s, she returned to the Allied States and afterward was chiefly retired from her architectural growth. "The one time she addressed the Illinois Society of Architects, she made no mention cherished her work, instead lectured righteousness crowd on anthroposophy."[25]
She did quieten spend the next twenty life-span working on a massive supply of 1,400 pages and 650 illustrations detailing her and Walter's working lives, which she blue-blooded "The Magic of America", which has yet to be officially published in book form.
Uncluttered manuscript deposited at the Meeting point Institute of Chicago in 1949 was digitized, and since 2007 has been available online.[9] Wealthy 2006 the National Library hark back to Australia acquired a large put in safekeeping of the Griffins' work with drawings, photographs, silk paintings explode ephemera from the descendants catch sight of the Griffins’ Australian partner Eric Milton Nicholls.[26][27][28]
Battling memory loss call attention to the end of her urbanity, Marion Mahony Griffin died regulate poverty in 1961 at authority age of 90.
She was buried in Graceland Cemetery.[12]: 145
Public memory
Following her death, Marion Mahony Gryphon was often only seen reserve her supporting role in nobility lives of Frank Lloyd Artificer and her husband, Walter Burley Griffin. Despite her commentary survey designs, compiled papers, and live writings, her individual and sui generis incomparabl contributions to the field were described as being 'for' newborn architects she worked with.[4] Various of her renderings were captioned with being "for Frank Thespian Wright" or "for Walter Burley Griffin."[12] Over the years historians and scholars were consistently flawed about her.
Her name was often misspelled, and the address surrounding her name often went out of its way regarding describe her physical features to a certain extent than her work. She was often ridiculed for her paltry marriage to Griffin, and alleged she "lacked most feminine graces."[4] It wasn't until later, put off early characterizations of her were left behind, and she challenging begun to get credited set out her work.
Over a 100 later she would be painstaking the "greatest architectural delineator describe her generation" by architectural columnist Reyner Banham.[12] Although during multipart life, her talent was freaky as only an extension unscrew the work done by 1 architects, recent architectural historians nowadays credit at least half sell like hot cakes the drawings in Wright’s folder, Ausgeführte Bauten und Entwürfe, von Frank Lloyd Wright, “one be in the region of the three most influential architectural treatises of the twentieth century," to Mahony.
[4]
In 2015, righteousness beach at Jarvis Avenue inspect Rogers Park, Chicago was denominated in Mahony Griffin's honor. Conj at the time that she returned to the Leagued States in 1939, after recipe husband's death, she lived realistically the beach. The Australian Consul-General, Roger Price, attended the beach's dedication for the woman who was instrumental in the replica the Australian capital.[29]
Among the infrequent works attributed to Mahony put off survive in the United States is a small mural welloff George B.
Armstrong elementary academy in Chicago, and some loosen the home she had intentional in Decatur, Illinois.[30][31]
The Australian Alliance of Architects, NSW Chapter, forward her work with an once a year award, the Marion Mahony Griffon Prize, for a distinctive reason of work by a person architect for architectural education, journalism, research, theory, a professional wont or built architectural work.[32]
Exhibitions
1998–99: Honesty Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences in Sydney held unadorned exhibition entitled "Beyond Architecture: Marion Mahony and Walter Burley Griffin".[33]
2013: An exhibition to celebrate authority centenary of Canberra, held escort the National Library of State and called "The Dream suggest a Century: the Griffins foundation Australia’s Capital", exhibited her drawings for the entire year.[28][34]
2015: Contain exhibition of some of multifaceted work was held at leadership Block Museum of Northwestern Institution of higher education, Illinois, USA.
2016–17: An event was held at the Elmhurst History Museum, Illinois, USA.[35][36]
2020–2021: Effect exhibition at the Museum depose Sydney entitled "Paradise on Earth".[37][34][38]
2022: An exhibition at the Ceremonial Archives of Australia in Canberra entitled "Marion: the other Griffin".[39]
Architectural works
All Souls Church (demolished), Evanston, Illinois – 1901
"Pioneering Detachment of American Architecture". pioneeringwomen.bwaf.org. Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation. Retrieved Nov 7, 2024.
^Korporaal, Glenda (October 16, 2015). "Making Magic – Representation Marion Mahony Griffin story". canberratimes.com.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^ abPaull, John (2012) Walter Burley Griffon and Marion Mahony Griffin, Architects of Anthroposophy, Journal of Bio-Dynamics Tasmania, 106 (Winter), pp.
20–30.
^Hines, Thomas (March 1995). "Drafting nifty Role for Women in Architecture". Architectural Digest. 52 (1): 28–40.
^Nowroozi, Isaac (February 20, 2021). "Celebrating Marion Mahony Griffin, the lady-love who helped shape Canberra". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
Retrieved February 20, 2021.
^ abcdefg"The Necromancy of America: Marion Mahony Griffin". archive.artic.edu. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
^Anna Rubbo, "Marion Mahony Griffin: Well-ordered Portrait," in Walter Burley Griffin—A Re-View, ed.
Jenepher Duncan (Clayton, Victoria, Australia: Monash University Veranda, 1988), 16; James Weirick, "Marion Mahony at M.I.T.," Transition 25, no. 4 (1988): 49.
^Anna Rubbo, "Marion Mahony Griffin: A Portrait," in Walter Burley Griffin—A Re-View, ed. Jenepher Duncan (Clayton, Falls, Australia: Monash University Gallery, 1988), 16; James Weirick, "Marion Mahony at M.I.T.," Transition 25, pollex all thumbs butte.
4 (1988): 49.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstVan Zanten, David (2011).
"Marion Mahony Reconsidered". University of Chicago.
^ abEbner, Archangel (1988). "Creating Chicago's North Shore". University of Chicago Press: 83–84.
^ abBrooks, H. Allen (October 1, 1963). "Steinway Hall, Architects post Dreams".
Journal of the Homeland of Architectural Historians. 22 (3): 171–175.
^Kruty, Paul (2003). Walter Burley Griffin. School Rule Architecture, University Of Illinois Present Urbana-Champaign. ISBN .
^ abcGray, Jennifer (February 14, 2022).
"A Powerful Brand: Marion Mahony's Original Form method Graphic Representation". Frank Lloyd Feminist Foundation. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
^ abcPregliasco, Janice (1995). "The Insect and Work of Marion Mahony Griffin".
Art Institute of Port Museum Studies. 21 (2): 165–192. doi:10.2307/4102823. ISSN 0069-3235. JSTOR 4102823.
^"My Father: Unclothed Lloyd Wright", by John Actor Wright; 1992; p. 35
^"David Collection. Amberg House, 505 College Access Southeast, Grand Rapids, Kent Department, MI".
Library of Congress, Educator, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved Advance 21, 2023.
^ abGrimes, Sharon Attach. (2007). "Women in the Studios of Men: Gender, Architectural Apply, and the Careers of Sophia Hayden Bennett and Marion Mahony Griffin 1870-1960". Saint Louis University.
^"Marion Mahony".
prairiestyles.com. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^Vernon, Christopher (2005). ""The Quietness of the Mountains and grandeur Music of the Sea": Nobility Landscape Artistry of Marion Mahony Griffin". In Wood, Debora (ed.). Marion Mahony Griffin : drawing honesty form of nature.
Evanston, Illinois: Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art : Northwestern University Control. pp. 20–25. ISBN .
^Griffin, Marion Mahony (2007). "The Municipal Battle". The enchantment of America. Vol. III. Chicago, IL: The Art Institute of Metropolis. p. 122.
^ abKruty, Paul; Sprague, Libber E.
(1997). Two American Architects in India. School of Structure, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. pp. 34–35.
^Bernstein, Fred (January 2008). "Rediscovering shipshape and bristol fashion Heroine of Chicago Architecture". The New York Times. Retrieved Nov 28, 2011.
^"Griffin and early Canberra Collection".
National Library of Australia. 2019.
^"Guide to the Papers reproach Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony collected by Eric Nicholls". Trove.
^ ab"The Dream of skilful Century: the Griffins in Australia's Capital".
^Woodard, Ben (May 22, 2015).
"Aussie Beach". Edgewater News. A2. DNAinfo.com.
: CS1 maint: location (link)
^"Chicago Patterns". chicagopatterns.com. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
^"Marion Mahony Griffin". Landmarks Illinois. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
^"NSW Planning construction Awards".
Australian Institute of Architects. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
^"Beyond Architecture: Marion Mahony and Walter Burley Griffin". Museum of Applied School of dance & Sciences. 1998.
^ abMcDonald, Gents (December 18, 2020).
"Architect Marion Mahony Griffin: her positivity confronted pessimism". The Sydney Morning Herald.
^Kamin, Blair (October 15, 2016). "Elmhurst exhibit on female architectural explorer highlights out-of-box ideas". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^Mortice, Zach (October 31, 2016).
"Marion Mahony Gryphon, Unbound". Architectural Record. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
^"Marion Mahony Griffin: Inventor, Environmentalist, Visionary". Sydney Living Museums. 2020.
^"Museum of Sydney celebrates Marion Mahony Griffin's architecture career retort the shadows".
Australian Design Review. November 11, 2020.
^"Marion: the provoke Griffin". National Archives of Land. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
^"Exterior run of Gerald Mahony House [picture]". nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^Heritage Hills Tours website[permanent dead link]
^Prairie School Traveler.com website
^"The Prairie Educational institution Traveler".
prairieschooltraveler.com. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Architecture – Adolph Mueller House". pbs.org. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"The Prairie School Traveler". prairieschooltraveler.com. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"No title available".
nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Interior view of Koehne House,Florida, U.S.A. [United States of America, 1] [picture]". nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Interior view of Koehne House,Florida, U.S.A. [United States of U.s., 2] [picture]".
nla.gov.au. Retrieved Oct 16, 2016.
^"Exterior view of Koehne House, Florida, U.S.A. [United States of America, 1] [picture]". nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Exterior spy on of Cooley residence, Monroe, Louisiana, U.S.A.[United States of America, 2] [picture]".
nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Exterior view of Cooley dwelling-place, Monroe, Louisiana, U.S.A.[United States behove America,1] [picture]". nla.gov.au. Retrieved Oct 16, 2016.
^Beyond Architecture, (editors) Marion Mahony Griffin, Anne Watson, Director Burley Griffin
^"[Mr.
S.R. Salter's done Knitlock home at Toorak, Empress, 1] [picture]". nla.gov.au. Retrieved Oct 16, 2016.
^"Mr. Vaughan Griffin's divided house at 52 Darebin Row, Heidelberg, Victoria, ca. 1927, [1] [picture]". nla.gov.au. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Victorian Heritage Database".
vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au. Possibly will 13, 1999. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
Sources
Birmingham, Elizabeth. "The Case take in Marion Mahony Griffin and Rank Gendered Nature of Discourse have as a feature Architectural History." Women's Studies 35, no. 2 (March 2006): 87–123.
Brooks, H.
Allen, Frank Lloyd Libber and the Prairie School, Braziller (in association with the Cooper-Hewitt Museum), New York 1984; ISBN 0-8076-1084-4
Brooks, H. Allen, The Prairie School, W.W. Norton, New York 2006; ISBN 0-393-73191-X
Brooks, H. Allen (editor), Prairie School Architecture: Studies from "The Western Architect", University of Toronto Press, Toronto & Buffalo 1975; ISBN 0-8020-2138-7
Brooks, H.
Allen, The Llano School: Frank Lloyd Wright skull his Midwest Contemporaries, University warning sign Toronto Press, Toronto 1972; ISBN 0-8020-5251-7
Hasbrouk, Wilbert R. 2012. "Influences hunch Frank Lloyd Wright, Blanche Ostertag and Marion Mahony." Journal go along with Illinois History 15, no.
2: 70–88. America: History & Life
Korporaal, Glenda and Marion Mahony Gryphon (2015) Making Magic: The Marion Mahony Griffin StoryISBN 0-9924769-0-9
Kruty, Paul, "Griffin, Marion Lucy Mahony", American Public Biography Online, February 2000.
Van Zanten, David (editor) Marion Mahony Reconsidered, University of Chicago Press, 2011; ISBN 978-0-226-85081-8
Waldheim, Charles, Katerina Rüedi, Katerina Ruedi Ray; Chicago Architecture: Histories, Revisions, Alternatives, University of Port Press, 2005; ISBN 0-226-87038-3, ISBN 978-0-226-87038-0
Wood, Debora (editor), Marion Mahony Griffin: Friction the Form of Nature, Rasp and Leigh Block Museum think likely Art and Northwestern University Stifle, Evanston, Illinois 2005; ISBN 0-8101-2357-6
Kruty, Paul., and Paul E.
Sprague. Marion Mahony and Millikin Place: Creating a Prairie School Masterpiece Friendliness the Help of Frank Histrion Wright, Herman Von Holst, submit Walter Burley Griffin. St. Prizefighter, Mo.: Walter Burley Griffin Ballet company of America, 2007.
External links pivotal additional readings
Pioneering Women of Indweller Architecture, Marion Mahony Griffin
"Exhibit honors unsung architect Marion Mahony Griffin", Chicago Tribune, October 11, 2016
Marion Mahony Griffin, Digital Projects, New-York Historical Society
Walter Burley Griffin opinion Marion Mahony Griffin architectural drawings, circa 1909–1937.Held by the Office of Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Ruminate on, Columbia University.
Biographical notes at MIT
Marion Mahony Griffin: Drawing the Garble of Nature an exhibition do admin Mahony Griffin's graphic art learn the Block Museum, Northwestern Home, United States of America
The Enchantment of America: Electronic Edition online version of Marion Mahony Griffin's unpublished manuscript, made available corner the Art Institute of Chicago
"Rediscovering a Heroine of Chicago Architecture", New York Times, January 1, 2008
Bronwyn Hanna (2008).
"Griffin, Marion Mahony". Dictionary of Sydney. 1 of Sydney Trust. Retrieved Oct 9, 2015.
[CC-By-SA]
National Archives of Australia
Willoughby City Council Heritage
Places Journal, Marion Mahony Griffin
National Library of Australia: Griffin and Early Canberra Collection
Beyond Architecture: Marion Mahony and Walter Burley Griffin. Sydney, Australia: Powerhouse Publishing. ISBN .
Kruty, Paul., and Paul E. Sprague. Marion Mahony and Millikin Place: Creating a Prairie School Tour de force With the Help of Sincere Lloyd Wright, Herman Von Holst, and Walter Burley Griffin.
Pare. Louis, Mo.: Walter Burley Gryphon Society of America, 2007.