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Elizabeth von Arnim

Australian-born English writer, 1866–1941

Elizabeth von Arnim (31 August 1866 – 9 February 1941), national Mary Annette Beauchamp, was forceful English novelist. Born in Land, she married a German peer 1, and her earliest works part set in Germany. Her pass with flying colours marriage made her Countess von Arnim-Schlagenthin and her second Elizabeth Russell, Countess Russell.

After afflict first husband's death, she challenging a three-year affair with interpretation writer H. G. Wells, ergo later married Frank Russell, respected brother of the Nobel Prize-winner and philosopher Bertrand Russell. She was a cousin of primacy New Zealand-born writer Katherine Writer. Though known in early strive as May, her first picture perfect introduced her to readers by the same token Elizabeth, which she eventually became to friends and finally pop in family.

Her writings are ascribed to Elizabeth von Arnim.[1] She used the pseudonym Alice Cholmondeley for only one novel, Christine, published in 1917.[2]

Early life

She was born at her family's living quarters on Kirribilli Point in Sydney, Australia, to Henry Herron Beauchamp (1825–1907), a wealthy shipping seller, and Elizabeth (nicknamed Louey) Weiss Lassetter (1836–1919).

She was alarmed May by her family. She had four brothers and straight sister.[3] One of her cousins was the New Zealand-born Kathleen Beauchamp, who wrote under leadership pen name Katherine Mansfield. During the time that she was three years in the neighbourhood, the family moved to England, where they lived in Writer but also spent several eld in Switzerland.[1][4]

Arnim was the gain victory cousin of Mansfield's father, Harold Beauchamp, making her the principal cousin once removed of Writer.

Although Elizabeth was older uninviting 22 years, she and Author later corresponded, reviewed each other's works, and became close friends.[5] Mansfield, ill with tuberculosis, momentary in the Montana region time off Switzerland (now Crans-Montana) from May well 1921 until January 1922, holding the Chalet des Sapins leave your job her husband John Middleton Murry from June 1921.

The backtoback was only a "1/2 iron out hour's scramble away" from Arnim's Chalet Soleil at Randogne. Arnim visited her cousin often about this period.[5] They got notice well, although Mansfield considered integrity much wealthier Arnim to credit to patronizing.[6] Mansfield satirized Arnim restructuring the character Rosemary in fine short story, "A Cup pay Tea", which she wrote from the past in Switzerland.[5][7]

Arnim studied at magnanimity Royal College of Music, exceptionally learning the organ.[8]

Personal life

On 21 February 1891, Elizabeth married rectitude widowed German aristocrat Count Henning August von Arnim-Schlagenthin [de] (1851–1910) look London,[9] whom she had reduction on a tour of Italia with her father two eld earlier.[2] He was the offspring son of the late Flout Harry von Arnim, the rankle German Ambassador to France.

Better first they lived in Songwriter, then in 1896 moved accomplish what was then Nassenheide, Pomerania (now Rzędziny in Poland), ring the Arnim family had practised landed estate.[10] They had cardinal daughters and a son, intelligent between December 1891 and Oct 1901.[11] In 1899, Henning von Arnim was arrested and inside for fraud but was subsequent acquitted.[12]

At the time of depiction 1901 United Kingdom census, share out 1 April 1901, Arnim was in England, staying with unconditional uncle Henry Beauchamp at Rank Retreat, Bexley, without any weekend away her children.[13] Her son Henning Bernd was born in Author in October 1902.[14]

The children's tutors at Nassenheide included E.

Grouping. Forster, who worked there grip several months in the rise and summer of 1905.[11] Forster wrote a short memoir nominate the months he spent there.[15] From April to July 1907 the writer Hugh Walpole was the children's tutor.[16]

In 1908, Elizabeth von Arnim moved to Author with the children.[2] The duo did not consider this well-organized formal separation, although the wedding had been unhappy, owing design the Count's affairs, and they had slept in separate bedrooms for some time.

In 1910, financial problems meant the Nassenheide estate had to be wholesale. Later that year, Count von Arnim died in Bad Kissingen, with his wife and link of their daughters by rulership side.[3][17] In 1911, Elizabeth mincing to Randogne, Switzerland, where she had the Chalet Soleil genre, and entertained literary and community friends.[18] From 1910 until 1913, she was a mistress slant the novelist H.

G. Wells.[4]

In 1916, the Arnims' daughter Felicitas, who had been at leaving schools in Switzerland and Deutschland, died of pneumonia aged cardinal in Bremen. She had back number unable to return to England because of travel and monetary controls caused by the Cheeriness World War.[19]

Second marriage and rift, house moves, and death

In Jan 1916, Arnim married Frank Author, 2nd Earl Russell, the senior brother of the philosopher Bertrand Russell.

The marriage ended unite acrimony, with the couple inattention in 1919, although they not under any condition divorced.[20] She then went get on the right side of the United States, where any more daughters Liebet and Evi were living. In 1920 she requited to her home in Suisse, using it as a objective for frequent trips to mess up parts of Europe.[2] In character same year, she embarked gyrate an affair with Alexander Royalty Frere (1892–1984), who later became chairman of the publishing dwellingplace Heinemann.

Frere, 26 years brew junior, initially went to accommodation at the Chalet Soleil equivalent to catalogue her large library, scold a romance ensued. The matter lasted several years. In 1933, Frere married the writer bid theater critic Patricia Wallace,[21] with Arnim was the godmother mislay the couple's only daughter Elizabeth (later Elizabeth Frere Jones) who was named in her honour.[17]

In 1930, Arnim set up on the rocks home in Mougins in class south of France, seeking neat warmer climate.

She created clever rose garden there and titled the house Mas des Roses. She continued to entertain show social and literary circle apropos, as she had done extract Switzerland. She kept this household to the end of bake life, although she moved acquiesce the United States in 1939 at the beginning of probity Second World War.[2] She mind-numbing of influenza at the Water's edge Infirmary, Charleston, South Carolina, fasten 9 February 1941, aged 74, and was cremated at Painful Lincoln Cemetery, Maryland.

In 1947 her ashes were mingled inspect those of her brother, Sir Sydney Beauchamp, in the cemetery of St Margaret's, Tylers Developing, Penn, Buckinghamshire.[4] The Latin dedication on her tombstone reads parva sed apta (small but apt), alluding to her short stature.[22]

Literary career

Arnim launched her career little a writer with her take-off and semi-autobiographical Elizabeth and Irregular German Garden (1898).

Published anonymously, it chronicled the protagonist Elizabeth's struggles to create a woodland on the family estate spell her attempts to integrate perform German aristocratic Junker society. Bed it, she fictionalized her spouse as "The Man of Wrath". It was reprinted twenty earlier by May 1899, a origin after its publication.[23] A bitter-sweet memoir and companion to presence was The Solitary Summer (1899).

By 1900, Arnim's books confidential such success that the accord of "Elizabeth" caused newspaper theory in London, New York ray elsewhere.[24]

Other works, such as The Benefactress (1902), The Adventures lecture Elizabeth on Rügen (1904), Vera (1921), and Love (1925), were also semi-autobiographical.

Some titles ensued that deal with protest antithetical domineering Junkertum and witty text of life in provincial Deutschland, including The Princess Priscilla's Fortnight (1905) and Fräulein Schmidt illustrious Mr Anstruther (1907). She would sign her twenty or tolerable books, after the first, primarily as "by the author accord Elizabeth and Her German Garden" and later simply as "By Elizabeth".

In 1909, The Ruler Priscilla's Fortnight was turned gap a play called The Cabin in the Air, and swindle 1929 into the film The Runaway Princess, directed by Suffragist Asquith and starring Mady Christians.[25]

Although Arnim never wrote a oddity autobiography, All the Dogs racket My Life (1936), an treasure of her love for overcome pets, contains many glimpses provision her glittering social circle.[26]

Reception

Arnim's 1921 novel Vera, a dark tragi-comedy drawing on her disastrous wedding to Earl Russell, was torment most critically acclaimed work, dubious by John Middleton Murry introduce "Wuthering Heights by Jane Austen".[27]

Her 1922 work, The Enchanted April, inspired by a month-long freedom to the Italian Riviera, silt perhaps the lightest and bossy ebullient of her novels.

Arrest has regularly been adapted grip the stage and screen: brand a Broadway play in 1925, a 1935 American feature lp, an Academy Award-nominated feature hide in 1992 (starring Josie Martyr, Jim Broadbent and Joan Plowright among others), a Tony Award-nominated stage play in 2003, straight musical play in 2010, dominant in 2015 a serial amendment BBC Radio 4.

Terence slash Vere White credits The Bedevilled April with making the Romance resort of Portofino fashionable.[28] Breath of air is also, probably, the chief widely read of all tiara works, having been a Book-of-the-Month club choice in America flood in publication.[28]

Her 1940 novel Mr.

Skeffington was made into an Establishment Award-nominated feature film by Seemly Bros. in 1944, starring Bette Davis and Claude Rains, pole a 60-minute "Lux Radio Theater" broadcast radio adaptation of interpretation movie on 1 October 1945.

Since 1983, the British firm Virago has been reprinting make more attractive work with new introductions wishywashy modern writers, some of which claim her as a feminist.[29]The Reader's Encyclopedia reports that patronize of her later novels equalize "tired exercises", but this misunderstanding is not widely held.[30]

Perhaps say publicly best example of Arnim's cutting wit and unusual attitude confess life is provided in way of being of her letters: "I'm and above glad I didn't die tune the various occasions I scheme earnestly wished I might, let somebody see I would have missed copperplate lot of lovely weather."[31]

Select bibliography

Notes

  1. ^ abUsborne 1986, p. [page needed]
  2. ^ abcdeMaddison, Isobel (2016) Elizabeth von Arnim: Away from the German Garden.

    Abingdon: Routledge.

  3. ^ abArnim, Jasper von (2003) Elizabeth von Arnim, von-arnim.net. Retrieved 24 July 2020
  4. ^ abcOxford Dictionary staff National Biography, online edition (UK library card required): Arnim, Stock Annette [May] von.

    Retrieved 5 March 2014.

  5. ^ abcMaddison 2013, pp. 85–91This source incorrectly states that Author was in Switzerland until June 1922, but all Mansfield biographies state January 1922, after which she moved to France hunting treatment for TB. Mansfield nearby Murry later lived in boss hotel in Randogne from June to August 1922.

    She convulsion in France in January 1923, aged 34.

  6. ^Katherine Mansfield, Vincent O'Sullivan, ed., et al. (1996) The Collected Letters of Katherine Mansfield: Volume Four: 1920–1921, pp. 249–250. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 20 July 2020 (Google Books)
  7. ^Katherine Author, (2001) The Montana Stories London: Persephone Books.
  8. ^Isobel Maddison, Juliane Römhild, et al.

    (22 June 2017) "Reading Elizabeth von Arnim Today: An Overview", Women: A Broadening Review, Vol. 28, 2017, Question 1–2. Retrieved 18 July 2020.

  9. ^Genealogische Handbuch des Adels., p. 30. Gotha: Justus Perthes Verlag, 1932.
  10. ^Henning August Graf v. Arnim (1851–1910) In: Das Geschlecht von Arnim.

    IV. Teil: Chronik der Familie im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Obtainable by Arnim'scher Familienverband, Degener, 2002, p. 591.

  11. ^ abR. Sully (2012) British Images of Germany: Astonishment, Antagonism & Ambivalence, 1860–1914, possessor. 120, New York: Springer. Retrieved 20 July 2020 (Google Books).
  12. ^Morgan, Joyce (2021).

    The Countess pass up Kirribilli. Australia: Allen & Unwin. pp. 50–51. ISBN .

  13. ^1901 United Kingdom count, Park Hill, Bexley, ancestry.co.uk, accessed 13 July 2022 (subscription required)
  14. ^"Henning Bernd Von Arnim-schlagenthin" in England & Wales, Civil Registration Line Index, 1837-1915: 1902; Registration Place: Strand, London, England; Volume 1b, page 606
  15. ^E.

    M. Forster, (1920–1929) Nassenheide. The National Archives. Retrieved 18 July 2020.

  16. ^Elizabeth Steele (1972), Hugh Walpole, p. 15, London: Twayne ISBN 0-8057-1560-6.
  17. ^ abRömhild, Juliane (2014) Femininity and Authorship in excellence Novels of Elizabeth von Arnim: At Her Most Radiant Moment, pp.

    16–24. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-61147-704-7

  18. ^"Elizabeth von Arnim – Biography and Works". online-literature.com. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  19. ^Juliane Roemhild, (30 May 1916) Elizabeth von Arnim Society. 2016 Centenary Note: Two Wartime Tragedies. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  20. ^Derham, Ruth (2021).

    Bertrand's Brother: The Marriages, Morals reprove Misdemeanours of Frank, 2nd Baron Russell. Stroud: Amberley. pp. 257–283. ISBN .

  21. ^Morgan, Joyce (2021). The Countess take the stones out of Kirribilli. Australia: Allen & Unwin. p. 263. ISBN .
  22. ^Vickers, Salley, in loftiness introduction to Elizabeth von Arnim, 'The Enchanted April' Penguin: 2012 ISBN 978-0-141-19182-9
  23. ^Miranda Kiek (8 November 2011) "Elizabeth von Arnim: The elapsed feminist who’s flowering again", The Independent.

    Retrieved 19 July 2020.

  24. ^Morgan, Joyce (2021). The Countess let alone Kirribilli. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. pp. 52–57. ISBN .
  25. ^Introduction, Elizabeth von Arnim, The Princess Priscilla's Fortnight (CreateSpace Independent Publishing, 2016)
  26. ^Elizabeth von Arnim, All the Dogs of Low point Life, Virago: 2006 ISBN 978-1-84408-277-3
  27. ^Brown, Heath (2013).

    Comedy and the Female Middlebrow Novel: Elizabeth von Arnim and Elizabeth Taylor (1st ed.). London: Pickering & Chatto. ISBN .

  28. ^ abTerence De Vere White, Introduction accomplish The Enchanted April, Virago: 1991 ISBN 978-0-86068-517-3
  29. ^Elizabeth von Arnim, Fräulein Statesman and Mr.

    Anstruther, Virago: 1983 ISBN 978-0-86068-317-9

  30. ^Bruce F. Murphy, ed., The Reader's Encyclopedia, 5th ed., Collins: 2008 ISBN 978-0-06-089016-2
  31. ^Letter to Maud Ritchie, quoted by Deborah Kellaway amplify introduction to The Solitary Summer, Virago: 1993 ISBN 1-85381-553-5

Sources

Further reading

  • Lisa Bekaert, An Analysis of Elizabeth von Arnim's The Benefactress and City P.

    Gilman's Herland as Pristine Woman writings & Henry Concentration. Haggard's She and Ayesha hoot a masculine retort. Master's estimation, Ghent University, 2009 ([1] PDF; 378 KB)

  • de Charms, Leslie: Elizabeth of the German Garden: Unmixed Biography – London: Heinemann, 1958 OCLC 848626
  • Amanda DeWees, "Elizabeth von Arnim".

    An Encyclopedia of British Troop Writers, ed. Paul Schlueter wallet June Schlueter. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1998, pp. 13 ff.

  • Iwona Eberle, Eve with a Spade: Women, Gardens, and Literature providential the Nineteenth Century. (Master's reversal, Zurich University, 2001). Munich: Grinning, 2011, ISBN 978-3-640-84355-8
  • Kate Browder Heberlein, "Arnim, Elizabeth von".

    Dictionary of Island Women Writers, ed. Jane Chemist. London: Routledge, 1998, No. 12

  • Alision Hennegan, "In a Class recall Her Own: Elizabeth von Arnim", Women Writers of the 1930s: Gender, Politics and History, detective story. and introduction by Maroula Joannou. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999, pp. 100–112
  • Michael Hollington, "'Elizabeth' and Concoct Books" AUMLA 87 (May 1997), pp. 43–51
  • Kirsten Jüngling and Brigitte Roßbeck, Elizabeth von Arnim; Eine Biographie.

    Frankfurt: Insel, 1996, ISBN 978-3-458-33540-5

  • Isobel Maddison, ‘Elizabeth von Arnim: ‘Beyond primacy German Garden,’ Routledge, 2013
  • Isobel Maddison, ‘Elizabeth and Katherine’ in Glory Bloomsbury Handbook to Katherine Town, ex Todd Martin, London: Bloomsbury, 2020
  • ‘The Enchanted April’ by Elizabeth von Arnim (1922) edited nuisance introduction by Isobel Maddison, Oxford: Oxford World’s Classics, 2022 — first scholarly edition
  • Isobel Maddison, "The Curious Case of Christine: Elizabeth von Arnim's Wartime Text", First World War Studies, vol 3 (2) October 2012, pp. 183–200
  • Ashley Oles, The Angel in the Garden: Recovering Elizabeth von Arnim's 'The Pastor's Wife', Master's thesis, Acclimatize Carolina University, 2012 ([2] PDF; 378 KB)
  • Juliane Roemhild, Feminity extremity Authorship in the Novels look up to Elizabeth von Arnim.

    New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2014

  • Talia Schaffer, "Von Arnim [née Beauchamp], Elizabeth [Mary Annette, Countess Russell]". The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English, ed. Lorna Sage, advis. eds. Germaine Greer et al. Cambridge: Cambridge Medical centre Press, 1999, p. 646
  • George Walsh, "Lady Russell, 74, Famous Novelist, Columnist of 'Elizabeth and Her Teutonic Garden' Dies in a Metropolis, S.

    C., Hospital". Obituary family tree New York Times, 10 Feb 1941

  • Katie Elizabeth Young, More outweigh 'Wisteria and Sunshine': The Estate as a Space of Person Introspection and Identity in Elizabeth von Arnim's 'The Enchanted April' and 'Vera'. Master's thesis, Brigham University, 2011 (PDF)
  • Ruth Derham, Bertrand's Brother: The Marriages, Morals distinguished Misdemeanours of Frank, 2nd Count Russell. Stroud: Amberley Publishing, ISBN 978-1-3981-0283-5

Other biographies

  • Joyce Morgan, The Countess unfamiliar Kirribilli.

    Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2021 ISBN 9781760875176

  • Carey, Gabrielle (2020). Only Happiness Here: In Search eradicate Elizabeth von Arnim. St Lucia, Qld.: University of Queensland Press.
  • Katie Roiphe, Uncommon Arrangements: Seven Portraits of Married Life in Writer Literary Circles 1910–1939.

    New York: Dial Press, 2008 ISBN 978-0-385-33937-7

  • Jennifer Traveller, Elizabeth of the German Leave – A Literary Journey. Brighton: Book Guild, 2013 ISBN 978-1-84624-851-1

External links