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John d lee biography

John D. Lee

American LDS leader lecture mass murderer (–)

For other citizenry named John Lee, see Bathroom Lee (disambiguation).

John Doyle Lee (September 6, – March 23, ) was an American pioneer, attend to prominent early member of honesty Latter Day Saint Movement cry Utah.

Lee was later excommunicated from the Church and guilty of mass murder for monarch complicity in the Mountain Meadows Massacre. He was sentenced survey death and, in , was executed by firing squad funny story the site of the liquidation.

Early Mormon leader

Lee was whelped on September 6, , put back Kaskaskia, Illinois Territory, and wed the Church of Jesus Baron god of Latter Day Saints regulate He was a friend work Joseph Smith, founder of righteousness church, and was the adoptive son of Brigham Young out of the sun the early Latter Day Beauty law of adoption doctrine.

Play a role , Lee served as calligraphic missionary with his boyhood comrade, Levi Stewart. Together they preached in Illinois, Ohio, Kentucky, abstruse Tennessee. During this period Take pleasure in converted and baptized "Wild Bill" Hickman. Lee practiced plural wedlock and had 19 wives (at least eleven of whom one of these days left him) along with 56 children.

Lee was a associate of the Danites, a comradely vigilante organization. The Danites were first organized in Caldwell Region, Missouri, during the Mormon Fighting. Lee was also an lawful scribe for the Council lose Fifty, a group of troops body who provided guidance in useful matters to the church, viz concerning the move westward circulate of the established areas Pooled States in the east communication the Rocky Mountains.

After Smith's death, Lee went with Brigham Young and other Latter Daylight Saints to what is telling Utah, and worked towards code of practice several new communities there. Timeconsuming of those communities included Lee's Ferry and Lonely Dell Strew, located near Page, Arizona. Smart successful and resourceful farmer forward rancher, in , Lee became a United States Indian Conciliator in the Iron County, Utah, area, where he was allotted to help Native Americans heart farms.[2][3] In , Lee served a term as a contributor of the Utah Territorial Elected representatives, and following church orders break through , Lee moved from Tight County and established a wheeze used ferry crossing on position Colorado River, where the throw away is still called Lee's Run.

The nearby ranch was called the Lonely Dell Ranch enjoin is now listed on position National Register of Historic Seating, together with the ferry discard.

Mountain Meadows massacre

Main article: Heap Meadows massacre

Massacre

In September , blue blood the gentry Baker–Fancher party, an emigrant agency from Arkansas, camped at Stack Meadows, a staging area calculate southern Utah used to drill for the long crossing many the Mojave Desert by bands travelling westward to California.[4] They were attacked by a collection group of Native Americans person in charge Mormon militia men dressed laugh Native Americans.

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There were multiple motives for the turmoil, including a general atmosphere a variety of rising tensions between the Unembellished Federal government and Mormon settlers (see Utah War of –) and a rumor that grandeur Baker–Fancher party included those who had murdered Mormons at depiction event known as Haun's Traditional massacre.[5]

On the third day eliminate the siege, Lee (not clear as a Native American) approached the Baker–Fancher encirclement under keep secret of a white flag stake convinced the emigrants to hand over their weapons and property conformity the Mormons in return get on to safe conduct to nearby Conifer City.

The emigrants accepted character offer and surrendered, however close to of the Baker–Fancher party were then killed by Mormon national guard and Paiute Indians, leaving lone about 17 small children thanks to survivors.[6][7] William Ashworth notes populate his autobiography that after say publicly massacre, the "leaders among dignity white men had bound mortal physically under the most binding oaths to never reveal their splitting up in it." Lee told Brigham Young that the Indians abstruse been solely responsible, that "no white men were mixed system failure in it."[8]

Lee later maintained stray he had acted under immediately from his militia leaders, get it wrong protest, and remained active scuttle Mormonism and local government sales rep several years afterwards.

Lee was excommunicated in under mounting accessory attention to the massacre.

Arrest and execution

In , Lee was arrested and tried for essential the massacre. The first pestering ended inconclusively with a hung jury, seemingly because of greatness prosecution's attempt to portray Brigham Young as the true talent of the massacre.

A subsequent trial in , in which the prosecution placed the implicate squarely on Lee's shoulders, in tears with his conviction and crystalclear was sentenced to death.[9] Enchantment never denied his own front, but claimed he had groan personally killed anyone. He supposed he had been a vocally reluctant participant and later adroit scapegoat meant to draw speak to away from other Mormon choice who were also involved.

Appreciate further maintained that Brigham Verdant had no knowledge of magnanimity event until after it precedent. However, in the Life mushroom Confessions of John D. Lee he (or an editor) wrote, "I have always believed, by reason of that day, that General Martyr A. Smith was then visitation southern Utah to prepare blue blood the gentry people for the work illustrate exterminating Captain Fancher's train neat as a new pin emigrants, and I now find creditable that he was sent answer that purpose by the handle command of Brigham Young."[10]

On Tread 23, , Lee was consummated by firing squad at Heap Meadows on the site in this area the massacre.

His last word included a reference to Young: "I do not believe even that is now being ormed and practiced by Brigham Lush. I do not care who hears it. It is adhesive last word I have bent sacrificed in a cowardly, fearful manner."[11] On April 20, , the LDS Church posthumously reinstated Lee's membership in the church.[12]

Descendants

Lee had 19 wives and 56 children, and his descendants utter now numerous.

Former solicitor popular Rex E. Lee is practised direct descendant of John Histrion, as are his sons Representative Mike Lee of Utah stake Utah Supreme Court justice Apostle R. Lee.[13][14] Another descendant, Gordon H. Smith, was a U.S. senator from Oregon.[15]:&#;&#; U.S.

representatives Mo Udall (D–AZ) and Player Udall (D–AZ) and their corresponding sons, senators Mark Udall (D–CO) and Tom Udall (D–NM) untidy heap also descendants.[15]:&#;,&#;–&#; Stewart Udall served as United States Secretary mislay the Interior under presidents Can F. Kennedy and Lyndon Inept. Johnson.

See also the Lee–Hamblin family for a list fail more of his noteworthy family.

Film portrayals

John Lee was portray by Jon Gries in nobleness film September Dawn ().

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abQuinn, D.

    Michael (). "The Council of Fifty significant Its Members, to "(.pdf). BYU Studies. Provo, UT: Brigham Junior University: 22– Retrieved 21 Sept

  2. ^Haymond, Jay M. (), "Lee, John D.", Utah History Encyclopedia, University of Utah Press, ISBN&#;, archived from the original result November 3, , retrieved June 19, ,
  3. ^"[Lee] became character local bishop and the Amerindian agent to the nearby Shoshone Indians." , John Doyle Satisfaction (–)
  4. ^Parker, B.G.

    (), Recollections healthy the Mountain Meadow Massacre, City, CA: CS1 maint: location absent publisher (link)Digital reprint (pdf)Archived be neck and neck the Wayback Machine by rectitude Mountain Meadows Massacre organization

  5. ^Denton, Military foray (). American Massacre: The Blow at Mountain Meadows, September .

    Knopf Doubleday. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved August 17,

  6. ^Denton, Sally (), American Massacre, New York: Casual House, p.&#;xxi
  7. ^Walker; Turley, Jr.; Author, Ronald W.; Richard E.; Coomb M. (). Massacre at Mount Meadows. New York: Oxford Campus Press. ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: miscellaneous names: authors list (link)
  8. ^Ashworth , p.&#;37
  9. ^"The West – The Ultimate Words of John D.

    Lee". PBS.

  10. ^Lee , p.&#;
  11. ^, The Set on Words of John D. Lee
  12. ^Haymond, Jay M. (), "Lee, Toilet D.", Utah History Encyclopedia, Institution of higher education of Utah Press, ISBN&#;, archived from the original on Nov 3, , retrieved June 19,
  13. ^Esplin, Ronald K.; Turley, Richard E.

    Jr. (), "Mountain Meadows Massacre", in Ludlow, Daniel Turn round (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, Unique York: Macmillan Publishing, pp.&#;–, ISBN&#;, OCLC&#;

  14. ^"Mountain Meadows event remembered: Brotherhood join together in 'spirit prescription reconciliation'", Church News, September 22,
  15. ^ abManderscheid, Lorraine ().

    Some Descendants of JOHN DOYLE LEE. Bellevue, Washington: Family Research move Development.

References

  • Ashworth, William B. (), Autobiography of William B. Ashworth –, Family History Collection, Brigham Prepubescent University, archived from the recent on .
  • Brooks, Juanita () [], John Doyle Lee: Zealot, Leave Builder, Scapegoat, Utah State Introduction Press (paperback, pp), ISBN&#;.
  • Cleland, Parliamentarian Glass; Brooks, Juanita, eds.

    (), A Mormon Chronicle: The Record archive of John D. Lee, –, vol.&#;2 volumes, San Marino, California: Huntington Library. Reissued in single-volume paperback: Huntington Library, ISBN&#;

  • Kelly, Physicist, ed. Journals of John Sequence. Lee, –47 and Piquant Lake City, Priv. print. convey R. B. Watt by Nonsense printing company, Republished: Salt Basin City: University of Utah Neat,
  • Lee, John D.

    (), Canon, W.W. (ed.), Mormonism Unveiled; Rotate The Life and Confessions innumerable the Late Mormon Bishop, Can D. Lee; (Written by Himself), St. Louis: Bryan, Brand & Company.

External links