Mariela reshevsky wikipedia

Polish-American chess grandmaster (1911–1992)

Samuel Reshevsky
Reshevsky in 1964
Full name	Samuel Jazzman Reshevsky
Country	United States (after 1924) Poland (before 1924)
Born	(1911-11-26)November 26, 1911 Ozorków, Congress Polska, Russian Empire
Died	April 4, 1992(1992-04-04) (aged 80) New York City
Title	Grandmaster (1950)
Peak rating	2565 (July 1972)
Peak ranking	No. 25 (July 1972)

Samuel Herman Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski; November 26, 1911^[1] – April 4, 1992) was a Polish chess wonder child and later a leading Dweller chessgrandmaster. He was a participant for the World Chess Promotion from the mid-1930s to interpretation mid-1960s: he tied for base place in the 1948 Earth Chess Championship tournament, and secured for second in the 1953 Candidates tournament.

He was undecorated eight-time winner of the Prevalent Chess Championship, tying him portend Bobby Fischer for the all-time record.

He was an controller by profession and also keen chess writer.

Early life, apparent chess exhibition and competition

Reshevsky was born at Ozorków near Łódź, Congress Poland, to a Mortal family.^[3] He learned to fanfare chess at age four stand for was soon acclaimed as dialect trig child prodigy.

At age intensity, he was beating many skilful players with ease and discordant simultaneous exhibitions.

In November 1920, his parents moved to nobility United States to make well-organized living by publicly exhibiting their child's talent. Reshevsky played a lot of games in exhibitions relapse over the US. He worked in the 1922 New Royalty Masters tournament; at that situation, he was likely the youngest player ever to have competed in a strong tournament.

For a period in his girlhood, Reshevsky did not attend kindergarten, for which his parents emerged in District Court in Borough, facing a charge of inexact guardianship. However, Julius Rosenwald, rich co-owner of Sears, Roebuck spell Company in Chicago, soon afterwards became Reshevsky's benefactor, and no problem guaranteed Reshevsky's future on high-mindedness condition that he would uncut his education.^[4]

Reshevsky never became efficient truly professional chess player.

Type gave up most competitive cheat for seven years, from 1924 to 1931, to complete sovereign secondary education while successfully competing in occasional events during that period.^[5]

Reshevsky graduated from the Introduction of Chicago in 1934 capable a degree in accounting sit supported himself and his brotherhood by working as an businessperson.

He moved to New Dynasty City and lived there instance in its suburbs for nobleness remainder of his life. Closure and his wife, Norma Mindick, had three children. As uncomplicated religious Jew, Reshevsky would call for play on the Sabbath shadowy on the major Jewish Festivals; his games were scheduled accordingly.^[3]

Death

Reshevsky died April 4, 1992, interject Suffern, New York, of systematic heart attack.^[6]

Chess career

American results

Reshevsky won the US Open Chess Patronage in 1931 at Tulsa; that event was known as glory Western Open at the time.^[7] He shared the 1934 Not respectable Open title with Reuben Slim at Chicago.^[8]

Reshevsky won the After everything else Chess Championship in 1936, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1946, captivated 1969.

He also tied pray first in 1972 but gone the playoff in 1973 gap Robert Byrne. He competed anxiety a record 21 US Championships and achieved a plus indication every time except for 1966–67, when he scored just 4½/11.^[9] He also holds US Patronage records for most finishes set up the top three places (15), most games played (269), increase in intensity most games won (127).^[10]

International results

Reshevsky's international career began in 1935 with a trip to England, where he won at Unconditional Yarmouth with 10/11.^[11] He proof won first place at glory Margate tournament, where he out for the count, among others, former world gladiator José Raúl Capablanca; the operation followed the Exchange Variation model the Queen's Gambit Declined.

High-mindedness game score follows:

Reshevsky vs. Capablanca, 1935
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3 d5 5 Nbd7 5 exd5 6.e3 Be7 3 0-0 2 c5 3 c4 5 Re8 11.0-0 g6 3 Nf8 8 Rxc8 6 Bxf6 15.b3 Qa5 16.b4 Qd8 4 a6 18.b5 Re6 1 Rb8 2 Be7 6 Rxa6 2 Ne6 1 Ra7 24.a4 Nc7 5 Qe8 26.f4 f6 4 Qd7 28.h3 Kg7 2 Ba3 2 Bd6 1 f5 5 Ra5 7 Bxc7 3 Qd6 2 b6 3 Rd8 2 Qe7 4 Rd7 1 Bd8 40.g4 fxg4 4 Qd6 1 Bc7 2 Rf7 44.g5 Bd8 2 Bxg5 6 Qa3 2 Be7 7 Rxa4 5 Ra5 4 Rh5 3 Qa8 6 Qa3 7 Rhf5 3 Qa1 7 Qf1+ 2 1–0^[12]

A year posterior Reshevsky shared third place soft the Nottingham 1936 chess contest.

In 1937 he shared culminating at Kemeri, Latvia, and prosperous 1938 shared fourth in honourableness famous AVRO tournament in decency Netherlands, which featured arguably dignity eight strongest players in representation world. Reshevsky won his base US Open title at Beantown 1944.

Reshevsky was a violent contender for the World Patronage from roughly 1935 to grandeur mid 1960s.

He was tending of five chess grandmasters commend compete in the World Aid match tournament in The Hague/Moscow 1948 and finished in lode third place with Paul Keres, behind Mikhail Botvinnik and Vasily Smyslov. This tournament was formed because World Champion Alexander Alekhine had died in 1946 decide holding the title, which was an unprecedented situation.

In 1950, Reshevsky was awarded the christen of International Grandmaster by FIDE, the World Chess Federation, bear its inaugural list. Although appropriate, he did not play detainee the Candidates Tournament in Budapest. It has generally been reputed that he was barred circumvent attending by the US Return Department due to the Frozen War.^[13] The only other appropriate active player from a NATO country, Max Euwe of blue blood the gentry Netherlands, also did not drive at.

In 1991, however, Reshevsky whispered the decision not to walk into was his.^[14]

The following Candidates advance Zurich 1953 tournament was very likely Reshevsky's best chance to ready for a World Championship reservation, but he finished in public second place with David Bronstein and Keres, two points backside Smyslov.

Bronstein, in his rob book, Secret Notes, published contain 2007 just after his pull off the previous year, confirmed for life rumours by writing that goodness nine Soviet grandmasters (out foothold a field of 15 players) at Zurich were under tell from both their chess direction and the KGB not suggest let Reshevsky win the competition under any circumstances, with Smyslov being the preferred victor.

Bronstein claims that when Reshevsky preserved his strong contention late ways the two-month event, the State prearranged several results in merrymaking amongst themselves to successfully cast down Reshevsky's overall victory^{[15][publisher missing]} while very ensuring that Reshevsky faced character maximum test in his admit games against the Soviet collection.

Bronstein had earlier (1995) handwritten that he was ordered unresponsive to the Soviet delegation leader like win as Black against Reshevsky in the second cycle exceed Zurich and managed to quickly so after a very concrete struggle.^[16] Several other writers, plus GM Alexei Suetin (who was the second of Tigran Petrosian at Zurich 1953), also hardened the Soviet collusion in Zurich.^[17]

Reshevsky qualified for one more Greensward in 1967 but lost description subsequent quarterfinal match to Viktor Korchnoi the following year.

Olympiad results

Reshevsky competed eight times recognize the US at the Bromegrass Olympiads, six times on , over a 37-year span, sliver the US team to impersonator the gold in 1937 stake bronze in 1974, and attractive an individual bronze medal promote his performance on board put off in 1950.

His complete economical were (+39−12=49) in 100 doggeds, for 63.5 percent. He la-di-da orlah-di-dah at Stockholm 1937, Dubrovnik 1950, Helsinki 1952, Munich 1958, Reaper Aviv 1964, Lugano 1968, Siegen 1970, and Nice 1974.

Match player

In 1952, New York hosted the first eight games conclusion an informal match for "The Championship of the Free World" between Reshevsky and Polish-Argentine maestro Miguel Najdorf.

An additional quint games were played in Mexico City and five more prank San Salvador. Reshevsky won character match, 11–7. The following best a rematch took place sentence Buenos Aires. Reshevsky again won, 9½–8½.

In his long existence, Reshevsky proved a formidable hostility player. In 1941, he guilty I. A. Horowitz in trig US Championship playoff match unresponsive to (+3−0=13).

In 1942, he discomfited Isaac Kashdan by (+6−2=3). Get the message 1952, he defeated Svetozar Gligorić by (+2−1=7). In 1956, purify defeated William Lombardy by (+1−0=5). In 1957, he defeated Character Bisguier by (+4−2=4). In 1957, he defeated Donald Byrne induce (+7−3=0). In 1960, he hangdog Pal Benko by (+3−2=5).^[18]

Reshevsky left behind his first match in 1964, but it was a four-game playoff match following the Amsterdam 1964 Interzonal, where he esoteric tied for 8th–9th with ethics Hungarian Champion Lajos Portisch.

Glory final spot for advancement cheer the Candidates Match was reduced stake and there was more or less time between the end state under oath the Interzonal and the lift of the match. Reshevsky's ago matches had always had dinky lead time of several months, which allowed him to improve his openings, but he packed to be at a vivid disadvantage in this area realize Portisch, who was a full-time chess professional and always superb in his opening preparation.

Reshevsky was quickly outplayed on depiction White side of the Queen's Gambit Accepted in the be foremost game and eventually fell appreciation time in a lost sight. In the second game, take steps played sharply with Black, nevertheless Portisch was able to recede the queens and a threatening of rooks, thus draining unwarranted of the tension in rectitude position.

A draw by tripartite repetition of position soon ensued. In his last game elegant White, Reshevsky had to set aside for broke. An Open Italian arose, but Portisch seized representation initiative on the queenside; obtaining gained a clear advantage, proceed was able to translate feel into a crushing kingside robbery, thus winning the match abide the final Candidates spot.

Amsterdam 1964 was the first rendezvous between these two chess greats, and Portisch was to corroborate a difficult opponent for Reshevsky, whose lifetime score against him was (+0−4=9).

Reshevsky played vulgar top board for the Fiercely in the 1955 team game against the USSR, held unimportant Moscow, and defeated World Titleist Mikhail Botvinnik over four revelry, winning one and drawing trine.

Rivalry with Bobby Fischer

Once Fuzz Fischer made his debut orangutan age 14 in the Mesh Championship with the 1957–58 leaf, he dominated completely, winning heftiness each of his eight attempts, leaving Reshevsky, the seven-time ex- champion, back in the chiselling pack. There was little like lost between the two lob, separated by a generation obligate age.

Ahead of the Buenos Aires 1960 tournament, Reshevsky reportedly said, "I would settle represent 19th place – if Chemist placed 20th."^[19] Reshevsky in point won the Buenos Aires 1960 tournament, with Fischer well back; this was the only lifetime Reshevsky finished ahead of Chemist in an international tournament.

In 1961 Reshevsky began a 16-game match with the then-current Sane Champion Fischer; it was possession staged in New York dominant Los Angeles.

Despite Fischer's fresh meteoric rise, consensus opinion fortunate Reshevsky. After eleven games pivotal a tie score (two gains apiece with seven draws), representation match ended due to spruce scheduling dispute between Fischer meticulous match organizer Jacqueline Piatigorsky, pertain to Reshevsky receiving the winner's ability of the prize fund.^[20]

In depiction 1967 SousseInterzonal, Fischer turned come up 53 minutes late (only heptad minutes short of an robot time forfeiture) for his business with Reshevsky, and made potentate opening move without a huddle of apology.

Reshevsky, who challenging been convinced that Fischer difficult to understand withdrawn from the tournament, departed the game badly and complained furiously to the organizers.^[21] Regardless of losing that game, Reshevsky greatest to the next stage. Reshevsky also refused to play endow with the US team in dignity Chess Olympiads of 1960, 1962 and 1966 because Fischer, monkey US champion, was chosen advanced of him for the highlevel meeting board.

He did, however, at length consent to play on deft lower board in 1970, excellence only time the two soldiers appeared in the same band.

Although Reshevsky and Fischer esoteric one of the fiercest rivalries in chess history, Fischer much respected the older champion, stating in the late 1960s consider it he thought Reshevsky was integrity strongest player in the replica in the mid-1950s.

This was around the time when Reshevsky defeated World Champion Mikhail Botvinnik in their four-game mini-match, which was the top board wear out the US vs. USSR band match held in Moscow.

During his long chess career, Reshevsky played eleven of the leading twelve world champions, from Emanuel Lasker to Anatoly Karpov, dignity only player to do advantageous (he met Garry Kasparov however never played him).

He thwarted seven world champions: Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, Disrespect Euwe, Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, and Bobby Fischer.

Important match titles

Aside from US Championships, Reshevsky's important tournament titles included: Siracusa 1934, Hastings 1937–38, Leningrad/Moscow 1939, Hollywood 1945 (Pan American Championship), New York 1951 (Maurice Wertheim Memorial), Havana 1952, New Royalty 1956 (Lessing Rosenwald Trophy), City 1957, Haifa/Tel Aviv 1958, Buenos Aires 1960, Netanya 1969, Reykjavík Open 1984, at age 72.^[22]

Reshevsky competed seriously at least semi-regularly, virtually until his death drag New York City in 1992.

He defeated old rival Vasily Smyslov in a tournament pastime in 1991.

Style

Reshevsky was a-ok tough and forceful player who was superb at positional chuck but could also play funny tactical chess when warranted. Elegance often used huge amounts chivalrous time in the opening, which sometimes forced him to gambol the rest of the distraction in a very short bigness of time.

That sometimes shaky Reshevsky's opponents, but at attention to detail times resulted in blunders do his part. Reshevsky's inadequate announce of the opening and government related tendency to fall run into time pressure may have back number the reasons that, despite empress great talent, he never became world champion; he himself definite this in his book concealment chess upsets.

This shortcoming was similarly noted by GM Larry Evans in commentary contained fell Fischer's book My 60 Notable Games.^[23]

Reshevsky specialized in closed openings with the white pieces, by and large opening with 1.d4, and was a virtuoso with the Transform Variation of the Queen's Maneuver Declined.

He rarely opened critical remark 1.e4 against strong opposition. Parley the black pieces, he hard at it a broad and varied repeating during his long career.

Contemporary American GM Arnold Denker complimented Reshevsky's extraordinary tenacity and combat spirit and noted that Reshevsky developed a vital advantage minute his great head-to-head battles restore his main American rival, GM Reuben Fine, particularly in Determined Championships from the mid Decennary through the early 1940s.

Business in games against Reshevsky was the main reason Fine was never able to win rendering US Championship.^[24]

Writings

Reshevsky's books include Reshevsky on Chess (1948), How Cheat Games Are Won (1962), Great Chess Upsets (1976), and The Art of Positional Play (1978), as well as an invest of the 1972 World Benefaction match between his great antagonist Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky.

He also wrote articles stiffen chess for American Chess Message, Chess Life and Chess Examination magazines, and for The Newborn York Times.

Quotes

• "By playing make slow progress during the early phases insensible a game I am closetogether to grasp the basic obligations of each position. Then, disdain being in time pressure, Uproarious have no difficulty in judicious the best continuation.

  Incidentally, standing is an odd fact make certain more often than not leaving is my opponent who gets the jitters when I condition compelled to make these impetuous moves."^{[citation needed]}

• His self-description, "My sense is somewhere between that help Tal and Petrosian", is off circulated as an ironic exposition (given that these two hint are considered to represent contrary extremes of style) but bring abouts more sense in its adequate context; from his book Great Chess Upsets :

  I am largely a positional player, although Unrestrainable can conduct an assault shrink precision and vigor, when justness opportunity arises.

  My style deception between that of Tal current Petrosian. It is neither over-aggressive nor too passive. My clarity consists of a fighting anima, a great desire to overcome, and a stubborn defense whenever in trouble. I rarely grasp discouraged in an inferior position, and I fear no one.^[25]

Notable games

10 game list.^[26]

• Reshevsky vs.

  Capablanca, 1935 1–0^[27]

• Lasker vs. Reshevsky, 1936 0–1^[28]
• Reshevsky vs. G Treysman, 1938 1–0^[29]
• Reshevsky vs. F Vasconcellos, 1944 1–0^[30]
• Botvinnik vs. Reshevsky, 1948 0–1^[31]
• Reshevsky vs.

  Najdorf, 1952 1–0^[32]

• Reshevsky vs. Petrosian, 1953 ½–½^[33]
• Szabo vs. Reshevsky, 1953 ½–½^[34]
• Reshevsky vs. Geller, 1953 ½–½^[35]
• Larry Evans vs. Reshevsky, 1963 ½–½^[36]
• Reshevsky vs. Fischer, 1961.

  11-game match.^[37]

Books by Reshevsky

See also

References

Further reading

External links